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jueves, 20 de marzo de 2014

ALERTA BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA DEL COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS EN REVISTAS INDIZADAS EN EL ISI WEB DE LA CIENCIA CORE COLLECTION


ALERTA BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA DEL COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS EN REVISTAS INDIZADAS EN EL ISI WEB DE LA CIENCIA (Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) y Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)

No. 57,  periodo del 1 de noviembre de 2013 al 28 de febrero de 2014





 

Ángel Bravo Vinaja. Recursos y Servicios de Información Científica y Tecnológica, RESDICYT-COLPOS. Iturbide 73, Salinas de Hidalgo, S. L. P. 78622, México Tel. +52(496) 96 30240 ext. 4039. abravo@colpos.mx

 
INTRODUCCIÓN
L
os registros que se listan en la alerta se obtienen del ISI Web de la Ciencia (WOS) Core Collection de le empresa Thomson Reuters Scientific. Está compuesto por tres bases de datos: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), y Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI), aunque el Colegio solo tiene acceso a las dos primeras. El factor de impacto de las revistas se obtiene del Journal of Citation Reports (JCR) edición 2012.
El orden de los registros aparece de acuerdo a las fechas en que han sido indizados (del 1 de noviembre de 2013 al 28 de febrero de 2014). Se incluye el identificador de objetos digitales (DOI) solo cuando está disponible. En los registros que no tienen DOI se agregó la URL o liga a la página Web que contiene el texto completo, disponible solo si el usuario tiene acceso al mismo. Se presenta el cuadro 1 con los nombres de las revistas en las que se publicaron los artículos indizados, ordenados por el producto resultante de la división de la posición de la revista en la materia JCR entre el número total de las revistas listadas en dicha materia. Entre más pequeño es el resultado de la división, mejor posicionada se encuentra la revista en la materia JCR; de esta manera el cuadro lista primero las revistas de mas “calidad” en orden decreciente. Es la posición en las materias JCR la que le da su real valor o impacto a las revistas, ya que solo se pueden comparar con las que publican contenidos de una misma área de la ciencia, es por ello que algunas revistas con factor de impacto (FI) mas bajo están mejor posicionadas que otras con mayor FI.

Cuadro 1. Revistas en las que publicaron artículos los investigadores del Colegio de Postgraduados, ordenada por el resultado de dividir su posición en la materia JCR entre el número de revistas en dicha materia. Las revistas mejor posicionadas en la materia JCR son las que tienen el cociente más cercano al 0. Fuente: Journal of Citation Reports 2012.


Revista
Factor de impacto (2012)
Materia JCR
Ranking Materia JCR
Cociente del Ranking
N° de Artículos Indizados
PLOS One
3.73
Multidisciplinary Sciences
7 de 56
0.125
1
Persoonia
3.486
Micology
3 de 23
0.1305
1
BMC Genomics
4.397
Biotechnology & applied microbiology, Genetics & heredity
21 de 160; 31 de 161
0.1312
1
European Journal of Forest Research
1.959
Forestry
9 de 62
0.1452
1
Postharvest Biology and Technology
2.454
Agronomy; Food Science and Technology; Horticulture
13 de 78
0.1666
1
Postharvest Biology and Technology
2.454
Agronomy; Food Science and Technology; Horticulture
13 de 78
0.1666
1
Geoderma
2.345
Soil science
7 de 34
0.2059
1
Environmental and Experimental Botany
2.578
Plant sciences, Environmental Sciences
48 de 197; 63 de 210
0.2437
1
Applied Soil Ecology
2.106
Soil science
9 de 34
0.2647
1
Livestock Science
1.249
Agriculture, dairy & animal science
16 de 54
0.2963
1
Small Ruminant Research
1.124
Agriculture, dairy & animal science  
19 de 54
0.3518
1
Carbon Management
2.068
Environmental sciences
86 de 210
0.4095
1
Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1.196
Entomology
36 de 87
0.4138
1
Florida Entomologist
1.163
Entomology
37 de 87
0.4253
2
South African Journal of Botany
1.409
Plant Sciences
90 de 197
0.4569
1
Archives of Medical Research
2.079
Medicine, research & experimental
68 de 121
0.5619
1
Zookeys
0.864
Zoology
94 de 151
0.6226
1
Revista Iberoamericana de Micología
1.312
Micology
15 de 23
0.6522
1
Journal of Plant Pathology
0.688
Plant Sciences
141 de 197
0.7158
1
G3-Genes Genomes Genetics
1.794
Genetics & heredity
117 de 161
0.7267
1
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
0.779
Soil Science
26 de 34
0.7648
1
Southwestern Entomologist
0.504
Entomology
67 de 87
0.7702
1
Ciencia e Investigación Agraria
0.31
Agriculture, multidisciplinary
44 de 57
0.7719
1
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad
0.389
Biodiversity conservation
31 de 40
0.775
3
Revista de Biologia Tropical
0.553
Biology
68 de 83
0.8192
1
Computational Statistics
0.482
Statistics & probability
96 de 117
0.8205
1
Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana
0.264
Agronomy
69 de 78
0.8846
2
Atmósfera
0.75
Meteorology & atmospheric sciences
67 de 74
0.9054
1
Journal of Arid Land
0.453
Environmental Sciences
196 de 210
0.9334
1
Journal of Applied Animal Research
0.123
Agriculture, dairy & animal science
51 de 54
0.9445
1
Interciencia
0.28
Ecology
130 de 136
0.9559
2
Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente
0.128
Forestry
60 de 62
0.9677
1
Tecnologia y Ciencias del Agua
0.012
Engineering Civil, Water Resources
121 de 126; 80 de 80
0.9918
1
Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental
0.169
Environmental Sciences
209 de 210
0.9953
1
Journal of Forestry Research
Sin datos
Sin datos


1
 



 
REFERENCIAS


Referencia bibliográfica:  1 de 40
Título:  The effects of phosphite on strawberry yield and fruit quality
Autores: Estrada-Ortiz, E.; Trejo-Téllez, L. I.; Gómez-Merino, F. C.; Núñez-Escobar, R.; Sandoval-Villa, M.
Revista: Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 13 (3):612-620; 2013
Resumen: Phosphite (H2PO3-; Phi) has been shown to increase fruit quality and activate plant defense mechanisms in plants when provided in a nutrient state with sufficient phosphorous. In this study, five solutions containing different percentages of Phi (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) in Steiner's solution were evaluated during the flowering and fructification stages; the Steiner's nutrient solution was kept al 50% during the flowering stage and at 75% from the beginning of the fructification stage on. The objective was to determine the effects of phosphite on total P concentration in leaves, yield, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), anthocyanin concentration, and fruit size of strawberries (cv. Festival). The experiments were performed in a tunnel-type greenhouse using drip irrigation and volcanic rock (volcanic gravel) as substrate. In the fruit development phase, the concentration of P in the leaves was proportional to the level of Phi used. Although no significant differences were observed when compared to the control, the addition of 20% Phi slightly improved yield and fruit size. The highest pH, EC and anthocyanin concentration were identified in the fruit of plants treated with 30% Phi. Our findings suggest that supplying Phi at 30% or less in the nutrient solution does not significantly affect yield but does affect fruit quality and activates plant defense mechanisms by producing a higher concentration of anthocyanins.

Referencia bibliográfica:  2 de 40.
Título: On testing the log-gamma distribution hypothesis by bootstrap
Autores: Gutiérrez González, Eduardo; Villaseñor Alva, José A.; Vladimirovna
Panteleeva, Olga; Vaquera Huerta, Humberto
Revista: Computational Statistics, 28 (6):2761-2776; DEC 2013
Resumen: In this paper we propose two bootstrap goodness of fit tests for the log-gamma distribution with three parameters, location, scale and shape. These tests are built using the properties of this distribution family and are based on the sample correlation coefficient which has the property of invariance with respect to location and scale transformations. Two estimators are proposed for the shape parameter and show that both are asymptotically unbiased and consistent in mean-squared error. The test size and power is estimated by simulation. The power of the two proposed tests against several alternative distributions is compared to that of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, and chi-square tests. Finally, an application to data from a production process of carbon fibers is presented.

Referencia bibliográfica: 3 de 40.
Título: Optimización de la síntesis de biodiesel a partir de aceite crudo de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq); Optimization of the biodiesel synthesis using crude african palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Autores: Guerrero-Pena, Armando; Anguebes-Franseschi, Francisco; Castelán-Estrada, Mepivoseth; Morales-Ramos, Victorino; Córdova-Quiroz, Atl V.; Zavala-Loria, José C.; Bolaños-Reinoso, Eusebio
Revista: Agrociencia, 47 (7):649-659; OCT-NOV 2013
Resumen: La palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) es un cultivo usado para producir aceite y ha generado interés para obtener combustibles alternativos al petróleo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las condiciones óptimas de reacción de la metanólisis del aceite crudo de palma africana (ACP), para sintetizar biodiésel en condiciones de laboratorio. Un diseño compuesto central rotatorio y la metodología de superficie de respuesta se usaron para evaluar la eficiencia del proceso. Las variables estudiadas fueron concentración de metanol (entre 40 y 100 % p/p), concentración de catalizador (2 a 4 % p/p), tiempo (40 a 160 min) y temperatura de reacción (50 a 66 °C). Las concentraciones de metanol y de catalizador y el tiempo de reacción tuvieron un efecto significativo. Las condiciones óptimas para la síntesis de biodiésel de palma fueron: concentración de metanol 55 % (p/p), catalizador 2 % (p/p), tiempo de reacción 135 min y 54 °C como temperatura de reacción. Con estas condiciones el rendimiento fue 80.65 % de biodiésel con ACP, en laboratorio, con gasto energético bajo y tiempo cortos de reacción, lo que reduciría los costos operativos y de producción.
Abstract: Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a crop used to produce oil and has generated interest to obtain alternative fuels to oil. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the metliartolysis reaction of crude palm oil (ACP), to synthesize biodiesel in laboratory conditions. A central composite rotatable design and response surface methodology were used to evaluate the efficiency of the process. The variables studied were methanol concentration (between 40 and 100 cYo p/p), catalyst concentration (2-4 % w/w), reaction time (4060 min) and reaction temperature (50-66 C). Methanol and catalyst concentrations and reaction time showed a significant effect. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of palm biodiesel were: methanol concentration 55 % (w/w) catalyst 2 % (w/w), reaction time 135 min and 54 C as reaction temperature. With these conditions the yield was 80.65 % of biodiesel with ACP, in laboratory, with low energy consumption and short reaction time, which would reduce production and operating costs.

Referencia bibliográfica:  4 de 40
Título: Morfología, biomasa y contenido nutrimental en Abies religiosa con regímenes diferentes de fertilización en vivero / Morphology, biomass and nutrient content in Abies religiosa with different fertilization regimes in the nursery.
Autores: Navarro-Sandoval, José L.; Jesús Vargas-Hernández, J.; Gómez-Guerrero, Armando; de Mar Ruiz-Posadas, Lucero; Sánchez-García, Prometeo
Revista: Agrociencia, 47 (7):707-721; OCT-NOV 2013
Resumen: La fertilización en vivero es una práctica de cultivo usada para modificar las características morfológicas que afectan los índices de calidad de la planta. El objetivo de este estudio en vivero fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización en el crecimiento, la morfología, la asignación de biomasa y el estado nutrimental en plantas de Abies religiosa. Hubo cuatro niveles de fertilización (r_(50), T-Base, T-+/- 50 y T+100) a partir de la dosis usada en vivero (T Base), con un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro unidades experimentales, cada una con 900 plantas. La presencia imprevista de daño por heladas en el brote terminal de algunas plantas permitió comparar la respuesta a la fertilización de las plantas con y sin daño. Durante siete meses después de la fertilización se midió la altura y el diámetro del tallo en una muestra aleatoria de cinco plantas con y sin daño por unidad experimental. Al final del ciclo de producción se cuantificó la biomasa y el contenido nutrimental de los componentes aéreo y subterráneo de la planta. La fertilización y condición del brote tuvieron efecto significativo (p0.05) en el tamaño, la tasa relativa de crecimiento, la asignación de biomasa y la concentración de nutrimentos, pero sin interacción significativa entre ellas. Las plantas con T50 tuvieron altura 15 % menor pero asignaron 36.2 % más biomasa a la raíz que con T Base. La concentración de nutrientes en raíz (N, P, y K), tallo (P) y hojas (N) fue 5.5 a 41.3 % mayor con T+ 50 y T + 100, que con T-50. El daño en el brote ocasionó plantas con altura menor (5 %), diámetro mayor (13 %) y concentración nutrimental mayor (5.5 % de K en raíz y 28.9 % de N en tallo) en oposición con las plantas no dañadas en todos los tratamientos de fertilización. La disminución de 50 % en la dosis actual de fertilización de A.
Abstract: Nursery fertilization is a cultural practice used to modify the morphological characteristics affecting plant quality indices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nursery fertilization in growth, morphology, biomass allocation and nutrient status in Abies religiosa plants. There were four levels of fertilization (r_(50), T-Base, T-+/- 50 and T+100) starting from the dose used in nursery (TB), with a completely randomized design with four experimental units, each with 900 plants. The unexpected presence of frost damage in the terminal bud of some plants allowed comparing the response to fertilization of plants with and without damage. For seven months after fertilization height and basal diameter was measured in a random sample of five seedlings with and without damage per experimental unit. At the end of the production cycle biomass and nutrient content of aerial and underground of the plant components were quantified. Fertilization and condition of the bud had a significant effect (p 0.05) on the size, relative growth rate, biomass allocation and nutrient concentration, but without significant interaction between them. Plants with T_(50) had 15 % lower height but allocated 36.2 % more biomass to root than with TB"se" The root nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K), stem (P) and leaves (N) was 5.5 to 41.3 % higher with T+50 and T+100, than with T-50. The bud damage caused plants with lower height (5 %), larger diameter (13 %) and higher nutrient concentration (5.5 % K in root and 28.9 % N in stem) as opposed to undamaged plants in all fertilization treatments. The decrease of 50 % in the current dose of fertilization of A. religiosa in nursery favors morphological characteristics related to plant quality indices.

Referencia bibliográfica:  5 of 40
Título: Self-managed organizations in Irrigation Districts: The Case of San Jacinto Module III in Irrigation District 017, Durango, Mexico
Autores: Chairez-Araiza, Carlos; Palerm-Viqueira, Jacinta
Revista: Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, 4 (4):19-46; SEP-OCT 2013
URL:
Resumen: The present study documents the presence of self-managed spaces beginning when the Mexican State first became involved water management, through its expansion and the subsequent elimination of Water Boards and, finally, the return of management to the users. It also documents a case study of small irrigation systems in Module III, Irrigation District 017 (ID 017) to show that the users had continued self-managed organizations before and after the transfer of management. The results were obtained through a review of documents, interviews and field work. They show that near the end of the 19th century the Mexican state promoted the creation of an institution of users to manage the Nazas and Aguanaval Rivers irrigation system, but shortly thereafter the distribution of water at the river level was left to the Mexican state. During the 1930s, with the land redistribution resulting from agrarian reforms, the new users took over the distribution of the water at the level of the irrigation system. They were organized as Water Boards, and later in the 1960s the Mexican state centralized the operations of IR 017, eliminating self-management in some of the spaces while it continued in others. More recently, the transfer of management did not take into account the existence of traditional self-managed organizations. Therefore, the San Jacinto module has attempted to incorporate them into its structure, paying a salary to the representatives appointed by the users.

Referencia bibliográfica:  6 de 40
Título: Effect of cutting interval of Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and partial substitution with duckweed (Lemna sp and Spirodela sp.) on intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation of Pelibuey lambs.
Autores: Zetina-Córdoba, P.; Esther Ortega-Cerrilla, Ma.; Ortega-Jiménez, Eusebio; Herrera-Haro, José G.; Teresa Sánchez-Torres-Esqueda, Ma.; Reta-Mendiola, Juan L.; Vilaboa -Arroniz, Julio; Munguía-Ameca, Graciela
Revista: Livestock Science, 157 (2-3):471-477; NOV 2013
Resumen: The effects of Taiwan grass (TW) cutting interval and partial substitution with duckweed on dry matter intake (DMI), in vivo DM digestibility (DMD), and digestibility of organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD), neutral (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber (ADFD), as well as on nitrogen balance, ruminal pH, production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), was evaluated. For each experimental period (P) of 30 (P1), 45 (P2), and 60 (P3) days of TW grass cutting interval, twelve Pelibuey lambs were randomly assigned to three groups of four lambs each in a completely random design. Average weights of lambs were 25.1 +/- 1.5, 27.6 +/- 1.9 and 28.6 +/- 1.8 kg. Lambs were housed in individual metabolic cages, and assigned to three treatments (n=4): (T1) 100% TW (T2)80% TW+20% DW, and (T3)70% TW+30% DW. Each experimental period lasted 16 days: 8 days for adaptation to the diet and 8 days for total feces collection and rumen liquor sampling; urine was collected the last two days. Data were analyzed with MIXED procedure and means compared with the Tukey test Inclusion of DW decreased DMI (P < 0.01), whereas DMD, OMD, CPD, and NDFD increased (P < 0.05) as the age of the TW increased; besides, ADFD showed differences (P < 0.05) among treatments only in P3. Nitrogen retention improved by DW (P < 0.05) in the three periods, and pH was affected by periods (P > 0.05) only in P3 (P < 0.05). In the three periods, 20 and 30% DW increased NH3-N concentration and the acetate: propionate ratio (P < 0.05), but the VFA proportion did not change.

Referencia bibliográfica:  7 de 40
Título: Precipitation influences on active fractions of soil organic matter in seasonally dry tropical forests of the Yucatan: regional and seasonal patterns
Autores: Cuevas, Rosa M.; Hidalgo, Claudia; Payan, Fidel; Etchevers, Jorge D.; Campo, Julio
Revista: European Journal of Forest Research, 132 (5-6):667-677; NOV 2013
Resumen: In a transect study involving 15 mature seasonally dry tropical forests growing on uniform geological substrate in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, we analyzed the influence of a large reduction in mean annual precipitation (1,036-537 mm year(-1)) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in soils. We investigated the C content in organic soil and in active fraction pools (organic matter and microbial biomass) and analyzed the dependence of these pools on precipitation. Carbon (total, inorganic and organic, and in microbial biomass) and N (total) concentrations in bulk soil decreased as rainfall increased from < 600 mm year(-1) > 1,000 mm year(-1). Additionally, in all organic matter fractions, C and N concentrations generally decreased with greater precipitation. Soil average C mineralization decreased by 61 % from the wettest to the driest region. Reduced precipitation during the dry season increased microbial biomass C and water-extractable C concentrations and decreased the C concentration in organic matter fractions. No other significant changes were observed between seasons in C concentrations, N concentrations or C mineralization. Overall, we conclude that physical (macroclimate) and biological processes are more active in soils in the wettest region, resulting in a faster turnover of organic matter.

Referencia bibliográfica:  8 de 40
Título: Primers for (1,3)-beta-glucan synthase gene amplification and partial characterization of the enzyme in Ganoderma lucidum
Autores: Valeria Guerrero-Torres, Jessica; Mata, Gerardo; Martinez-Carrera, Daniel; Garibay-Orijel, Claudio; Garibay-Orijel, Roberto
Revista: Revista Iberoamericana de Micología, 30 (4):267-270; OCT 31 2013
Resumen: Background: beta-(1,3)(1,6)-D-glucan is fungal cell wall component that has demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-cancer effects. The (1,3)-beta-glucan synthase is one of the main enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. Aims: To design primers to partially amplify and characterize the (1,3)-beta-glucan synthase gene and to determine them in Ganoderma lucidum (G. Lucidum) strain CP-132. Methods: The primers were designed on the basis of homologous genes in other fungi. Then, using the PCR technique, primers were tested using DNA extracted from the G. lucidum strain CP-382. Amplified sequences were compared with those from the GenBank. Results: Three primer pairs were designed; all of them produced amplicons of the expected size. The sequences obtained with primer pairs BGS2113UmF and BGS3097UmR, and BGS547UmF and BGS2113UmR matched with 2 sections of the (1,3)-beta-glucan synthase gene. The deduced amino acid sequences showed high similarity with homologous genes from other fungi, particularly with those of the Agaricomycetes class. Conclusions: The primer design to partially amplify the (1,3)-beta-glucan synthase gene of G. lucidum using sequences from homologous genes was successful. These primers will allow to characterize this important enzyme in a wide group of fungi.

Referencia bibliográfica:  9 de 40
Título: Analysis and Optimization of Bulk DNA Sampling with Binary Scoring for Germplasm Characterization
Autores: Humberto Reyes-Valdés, M.; Santacruz-Varela, Amalio; Martínez, Octavio; Simpson, June; Hayano-Kanashiro, Corina; Cortes-Romero, Celso
Revista: PLOS One, 8 (11): 10.1371/journal.pone.0079936 NOV 19 2013
Resumen: The strategy of bulk DNA sampling has been a valuable method for studying large numbers of individuals through genetic markers. The application of this strategy for discrimination among germplasm sources was analyzed through information theory, considering the case of polymorphic alleles scored binarily for their presence or absence in DNA pools. We defined the informativeness of a set of marker loci in bulks as the mutual information between genotype and population identity, composed by two terms: diversity and noise. The first term is the entropy of bulk genotypes, whereas the noise term is measured through the conditional entropy of bulk genotypes given germplasm sources. Thus, optimizing marker information implies increasing diversity and reducing noise. Simple formulas were devised to estimate marker information per allele from a set of estimated allele frequencies across populations. As an example, they allowed optimization of bulk size for SSR genotyping in maize, from allele frequencies estimated in a sample of 56 maize populations. It was found that a sample of 30 plants from a random mating population is adequate for maize germplasm SSR characterization. We analyzed the use of divided bulks to overcome the allele dilution problem in DNA pools, and concluded that samples of 30 plants divided into three bulks of 10 plants are efficient to characterize maize germplasm sources through SSR with a good control of the dilution problem. We estimated the informativeness of 30 SSR loci from the estimated allele frequencies in maize populations, and found a wide variation of marker informativeness, which positively correlated with the number of alleles per locus.

Referencia bibliográfica:  10 de 40
Título: Genomic Prediction in Maize Breeding Populations with Genotyping-by-Sequencing
Autores: Crossa, Jose; Beyene, Yoseph; Kassa, Semagn; Perez, Paulino; Hickey, John M.; Chen, Charles; de los Campos, Gustavo; Burgueno, Juan; Windhausen, Vanessa S.; Buckler, Ed; Jannink, Jean-Luc; Lopez Cruz, Marco A.; Babu, Raman
Revista: G3-Genes Genomes Genetics, 3 (11):1903-1926; 10.1534/g3.113.008227 NOV 2013
Resumen: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technologies have proven capacity for delivering large numbers of marker genotypes with potentially less ascertainment bias than standard single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Therefore, GBS has become an attractive alternative technology for genomic selection. However, the use of GBS data poses important challenges, and the accuracy of genomic prediction using GBS is currently undergoing investigation in several crops, including maize, wheat, and cassava. The main objective of this study was to evaluate various methods for incorporating GBS information and compare them with pedigree models for predicting genetic values of lines from two maize populations evaluated for different traits measured in different environments (experiments 1 and 2). Given that GBS data come with a large percentage of uncalled genotypes, we evaluated methods using nonimputed, imputed, and GBS-inferred haplotypes of different lengths (short or long). GBS and pedigree data were incorporated into statistical models using either the genomic best linear unbiased predictors (GBLUP) or the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) regressions, and prediction accuracy was quantified using cross-validation methods. The following results were found: relative to pedigree or marker-only models, there were consistent gains in prediction accuracy by combining pedigree and GBS data; there was increased predictive ability when using imputed or nonimputed GBS data over inferred haplotype in experiment 1, or nonimputed GBS and information-based imputed short and long haplotypes, as compared to the other methods in experiment 2; the level of prediction accuracy achieved using GBS data in experiment 2 is comparable to those reported by previous authors who analyzed this data set using SNP arrays; and GBLUP and RKHS models with pedigree with nonimputed and imputed GBS data provided the best prediction correlations for the three traits in experiment 1, whereas for experiment 2 RKHS provided slightly better prediction than GBLUP for drought-stressed environments, and both models provided similar predictions in well-watered environments.

Referencia bibliográfica:  11 de 40
Título: Amphypterygium adstringens Anacardic Acid Mixture Inhibits Quorum Sensing-controlled Virulence Factors of Chromobacteriurn violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Autores: Castillo-Juárez, Israel; García-Contreras, Rodolfo; Velázquez-Guadarrama, Norma; Soto-Hernández, Marcos; Martínez-Vázquez, Mariano
Revista: Archives of Medical Research, 44 (7):488-494; 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.10.004 OCT 2013
Resumen: Background and Aims. Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls a large number of systems affecting pathogenicity. Interrupting this communication system can provide nonvirulent pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) potential of an anacardic acids mixture isolated from Amphipterygium adstringens, a medicinal plant known as "cuachalalate", to prevent the onset of bacterial infections as an alternate to antibiotics. Methods. Initially we investigated the anti-QS activity of A. adstringens hexane extract (HE) by the inhibition of violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum. From the active HE, an anacardic acid mixture (AAM) was obtained. The anti-quorum sensing activity of AAM was investigated by the rhamnolipid and pyocyanin production constraint as well as decrease of elastase activity, all being quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors expressed in the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results. HE induced a 91.6% of inhibition of the violecin production at 55 mu g/mL concentration, whereas AAM showed 94% of inhibition at 166 mu g/mL. In both cases, inhibition of violacein production did not affect the viability of the bacterium. AAM inhibited pyocyanin (86% at 200 mu g/mL) and rhamnolipid (91% at 500 mu g/mL) production in a dose/response form and decrease the elastase (75% at 500 mu g/mL) activity in P. aeruginosa without affecting its development. Conclusions. Because an anacardic acids mixture isolated from A. adstringens demonstrated anti-QS, it could be further exploited for novel molecules to treat the emerging infections of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens.

Referencia bibliográfica:  12 de 40
Título: First report in Mexico of Penicillium brevicompactum causing corm rot of gladiolus grandiflorus in storage.
Autores: González-Pérez, E.; Yánez-Morales, M. J.
Revista: Journal of Plant Pathology, 95 (3):660-660; 2013
Resumen: A disease causing corm rot of gladiolus in storage was studied in San Martin Texmelucan, Puebla (Mexico) in 2011. Stored corms with rot symptoms were collected and disinfected superficially with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, rinsed three times in sterile water and placed in potato carrot agar plates at 21°C for eight days under continuous black light (40W). The fungus commonly isolated from diseased gladiolus corms differed from those currently known to occur in this crop in Mexico (González-Pérez et al., 2009) and was identified as Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx according to Frisvad and Samson (2004). Successful isolation was obtained from 25% of 640 analyzed corms. Experiments for fulfilling Koch’s postulates were carried out under aseptic conditions using disinfested healthy corms. The corms (wounded or not) were inoculated with a conidial suspension of 11.6x108 conidia ml-1. Controls were inoculated with only distilled sterile water. Corm rot symptoms were evaluated 30 days post inoculation. P. brevicompactum caused moderate rot in inoculated corms, whereas the controls remained healthy. P. brevicompactum was re-isolated from the margins of lesions developed on inoculated corms. The morphological identification was confirmed by DNA sequence data of the ß-tubulin gene (GenBank accession No. FJ012879). This finding represents the first record of this pathogenic species associated with corm rot of gladiolus in Mexico.

Referencia bibliográfica: 13 de 40
Título: Determination of the jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) diet in a tropical forest in San Luis Potosí, México
Autores: Rueda, P.; Mendoza, G. D.; Martínez, D.; Rosas-Rosas, O. C.
Revista: Journal of Applied Animal Research, 41 (4):484-489 10.1080/09712119.2013.787362 DEC 1 2013
Resumen: Jaguar and puma faeces (N=30) were collected in an area of 75 km(2) in the tropical forest of Tamasopo in San Luis Potosi. A dot-blot assay was developed with DNA from scats in order to differentiate between jaguar and puma. This assay employed a probe recognising cytochrome b of puma. A total of 14 prey species were found, of which 7 were used by both felids. Jaguar and puma diets in this study showed an overlap of 93.38% where collared peccary was the main prey consumed by both felids (jaguar 39.64% and puma 45.76%). White-tailed deer was also present in the diets of both felids, with a similar biomass consumed (jaguar 7.64% and puma 5.88%). Brocket deer and domestic goat appeared only in the puma's diet. With the exception of some remains from a lizard in the jaguar's diet, the rest of the prey species were comprised of medium-sized prey (1-15 kg), with the common opossum and raccoon found for both felids. A method is presented to estimate the number of individuals consumed based on energy requirements. The overlap suggests an important competition between these species.

Referencia bibliográfica:  14 de 40
Título: Microbiological quality of water obtained from atmospheric condensation in Tlaxcala, Hidalgo and Mexico city.
Autores: Bautista Olivas, Ana Laura; Tovar Salinas, Jorge Leonardo; Mancilla Villa, Oscar Raúl; Magdaleno Flores, Héctor; Ramírez Ayala, Carlos; Arteaga Ramírez, Ramón; Vázquez Pena, Mario Alberto
Revista: Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental, 29 (2):167-175; MAY 2013
Resumen: La disponibilidad de agua potable en cantidad y calidad, es un problema grave en el mundo. Hoy en día existen técnicas para obtener agua del aire y mitigar esta situación. Sin embargo, conocer la calidad microbiológica del agua proveniente de la atmósfera resulta relevante, debido al riesgo asociado con la ingesta de agua contaminada con bacterias provenientes de las heces de humanos y animales. No obstante, el diagnostico de estos microorganismos, requiere de laboratorios especializados y representa varios días de análisis y costos elevados. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la cantidad de colonias de coliformes totales y fecales encontradas en el agua atmosférica condensada utilizando pruebas rápidas. El estudio se realizó en tres zonas: San Felipe Hidalgo, Tlaxcala; Huichapan, Hidalgo y en la Ciudad de México. En cada sitio se tomaron 9 muestras diurnas y 9 nocturnas con tres repeticiones, en dos épocas del año (agosto-septiembre, 2011) y (diciembre-enero 2011-2012). El agua se captó con el prototipo de un aparato denominado higroimán, el cual disminuye la temperatura de la superficie de contacto con el ambiente para inducir el punto de rocío y condensar la humedad de la atmósfera. Se aplicó una prueba de medias (Tukey, P < 0.05) a los resultados obtenidos y se compararon con los límites permisibles de agua potable de acuerdo con la OMS. La ciudad de México presentó la mayor cantidad de colonias de coliformes totales y Escherichia coli en los dos muestreos. Mientras que Huichapan, Hidalgo presentó la menor cantidad de coliformes totales y fecales. El agua atmosférica en los tres sitios mencionados no se considera potable sin previo tratamiento.
Abstract: The availability of drinking water in quantity and quality is a serious problem in the world. Today there are techniques to obtain water from the air and mitigate this situation. However, knowing the microbiological quality of water from the atmosphere is relevant, because of the risk associated with the ingestion of water contaminated with bacteria from the feces of humans and animals. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of these microorganisms requires specialized laboratories and represents several days of analysis and high costs. The objective of this investigation consisted on evaluating the number of total coliforms and fecal colonies found in condensed atmospheric water by using rapid tests. The study was conducted in three areas: San Felipe Hidalgo, Tlaxcala; Huichapan, Hidalgo; and Mexico City. In each site, 9 day samples and 9 night samples with three replications were taken in two seasons August-September, 2011 and December-January, 2011-2012. Water was captured with a prototype apparatus named higroiman, which decreases the contact surface temperature in order to induce the dew point and to condense the moisture from the atmosphere. It was applied a mean test (Tukey, P < 0.05) to the obtained results and these were compared with the permissible limits of drinking water according to World Health Organization. Mexico City had the highest number of total coliforms colonies and Escherichia coli in the two samples. Whereas Huichapan, Hidalgo presented the lowest number of total coliforms and fecal colonies. Atmospheric water at the three mentioned sites is not considered potable without treatment.

Referencia bibliográfica: 15 de 40
Título: Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants under water stress and re-watering: Delayed restoration of photosynthesis during recovery
Autores: Campos, Huitzimengari; Trejo, Carlos; Pena-Valdivia, Cecilia B.; García-Nava, Rodolfo; Víctor Conde-Martínez, F.; Cruz-Ortega, M. R.
Revista: Environmental and Experimental Botany, 98 56-64; 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.10.015 FEB 2014
Resumen: Low soil water availability is the major environmental factor limiting plant growth and yield. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying photosynthesis inhibition during water stress and recovery in Capsicum annuum L cv. Cannon by evaluating soil and plant water relations, gas exchange and the prompt fluorescence rise OJIP. The soil (psi(S)) and leaf (psi(L)) water potential decreased from -0.16 and -0.53 to -1.1 and -1.7 MPa, respectively, and recovered after re-watering. The stomatal conductance (gs) decreased to 114 and 13 mmol  m(-2) s(-1) under moderate and severe water stress, respectively. Similarly, the CO2 assimilation (A) and transpiration (Tr) rates decreased during water stress but recovered after re-watering. During severe water stress, photosynthesis decreased due to stomatal closure and to both slower maximum carboxylation rate (V-cmax) and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration capacity mediated by maximum electron transport rate J(max)). In fact, the fluorescence parameters reflecting the electron flow from the intersystem carriers to final reduction of photosystem I (PSI) end electron acceptors declined throughout water deficit development. In conclusion, water stress mainly damaged the electron transfer from the plastoquinone (PQ) pool to the PSI terminal acceptors; this, along with constraints to both stomata (and non-stomatal components of photosynthesis, limited carbon assimilation. Photosynthesis recovery after re-watering was mainly restricted by both stomatal conductance and the gradual recovery of the electron transport chain. Finally, JIP-test parameters that quantifying electron transfer from the PQ pool to the PSI end acceptors are effectives for monitoring water stress in crop plants.

Referencia bibliográfica:  16 de 40
Título: Effects of slow-release urea and molasses on ruminal metabolism of lambs fed with low-quality tropical forage
Autores: Lizarazo, A. C.; Mendoza, G. D.; Ku, J.; Melgoza, L. M.; Crosby, M.
Revista: Small Ruminant Research, 116 (1):28-31; 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.10.009 JAN 2014
Resumen: The effects of two sources of slow-release urea (SRU) with a source of soluble carbohydrates on ruminal fermentation in lambs fed with a low-quality forage hay were evaluated. Optigen is a commercial source of slow-release urea, whereas Surelease is an ethyl cellulose-coated urea prepared in the Laboratorio de Farmacotecnia at the Metropolitan Autonomous University. Five Pelibuey lambs cannulated in the rumen and duodenum (24.8 +/- 0.4 kg BW) were used in a Latin Square design. Lambs were fed a basal diet that consisted of Brachiaria brizantha hay and concentrate (ratio 67:33) with the following treatments: (1) feed-grade urea; (2) Surelease-coated urea (SRU-S); (3) SRU-S + molasses; (4) SRU Optigen (OPT); and (5) OPT+ molasses. All sources of urea were dosed daily intra-ruminally (0.6 g/kg/BW), and molasses was fed at 1.2 g/kg BW. Compared to feed-grade urea, both sources of SRU decreased ruminal pH between 3 and 6 h after dosing (P < 0.05). At 3 and 9 h after dosing and at 15 and 21 h, both sources of slow-release urea reduced the rumen ammonia compared to urea (P < 0.05). The two sources of slow-release urea did not improve the total tract or rumen digestibility of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) or the rate of microbial protein synthesis in growing lambs fed low quality forage.

Referencia bibliográfica:  17 de 40
Título: Quantification of forest degradation and belowground carbon dynamics: ongoing challenges for monitoring, reporting and verification activities for REDD.
Autores: Vargas, Rodrigo; Paz, Fernando; de Jong, Ben.
Revista: Carbon Management, 4 (6):579-582; 10.4155/CMT.13.63 DEC 2013

Referencia bibliográfica:  18 de 40
Título: Highly glycosylated flavonols at the genistoid boundary and the systematic position of Dermatophyllum
Autores: Kite, G. C.; Veitch, N. C.; Soto-Hernandez, M.; Lewis, G. P.
Revista: South African Journal of Botany, 89 181-187; SI 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.003 NOV 2013
Resumen: Among papilionoid legumes known to express the phenotype of quinolizidine alkaloid production, only Dermatophyllum occurs outside of the genistoid clade in phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data. Analysis of the foliar flavonoid glycosides of Dermatophyllum and possibly related clades, by liquid chromatography-UV spectrophotometry-mass spectrometry, revealed that taxa sampled from Dermatophyllum, Amphimas and the Cladrastis, lecointeoid and vataireoid clades contained mostly flavonol O-glycosides whereas taxa sampled from early-branching genistoid clades, the Andira clade and Aldina contained mostly flavone C-glycosides. Furthermore, leaves of Dermatophyllum secundiflorum and Dermatophyllum arizonicum contained, as their main flavonoids, two highly glycosylated flavonols: kaempferol 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1 -> 2)[alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1 -> 6)]-beta-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside and its quercetin analogue. These compounds also occurred in Cladrastis kentukea, Styphnolobium japonicum and Paeringia montana in the Cladrastis clade, Uribea tamarindoides and some samples of Zollernia in the lecointeoid clade, and in Amphimas pterocarpoides (another genus of uncertain relationships). The alkaloid and flavonoid phenotypes  f Dermatophyllum each suggest affinities to different groups a conflict which is accommodated by the current phylogenetic hypothesis, based on molecular data, that the genus is a possible sister to the genistoid clade but not a member of it.

Referencia bibliográfica:  19 de 40
Título: Crecimiento de plántulas de dos especies de mezcal en función del tipo de suelo y nivel de fertilización; Seedling growth of two mezcal species as affected by soil type and fertilization rate.
Autores: Martínez -Ramírez, Saúl; Trinidad-Santos, Antonio; Bautista-Sánchez, Gilberto; Cesar Pedro-Santos, E.
Revista: Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 36 (4):387-393; OCT-DEC 2013
Resumen: Los magueyes de la Mixteca oaxaqueña no han sido objeto de fertilización, a pesar de que se emplean para producir mezcal. En este estudio se evaluó en invernadero la influencia de tres suelos (Acatlima, Leptosol; Miltepec, Regosol; y Yodoyuxi, Regosol) y de cuatro dosis de fertilización con 0-0-0, 30-20-15, 60-40-30 y 90-60-45 kg de N-P-K ha-1, en el crecimiento y producción de biomasa de plántulas de dos especies de Agave (A. angustifolia Haw. y A. potatorum Zucc.). Se empleó un arreglo factorial de tratamientos 2 x 3 x 4 bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azar. Se evaluaron 24 tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones y 96 unidades experimentales (plantas). Siete meses después de la germinación se evaluaron las variables: altura de planta (A), diámetro de roseta (D), número de hojas desplegadas (HD) y biomasa seca (BS). Los datos se sometieron a análisis de varianza y pruebas de Tukey (α = 0.05). El suelo de Miltepec promovió que la plántulas produjeran 300 y 220 % más BS que los suelos de Acatlima y Yodoyuxi, respectivamente. Las plántulas fertilizadas con 30-20-15 kg de N-P-K ha-1 tuvieron 58.3 % más BS que las plántulas no fertilizadas. No se detectó interacción alguna de importancia en el crecimiento de las dos especies de agave mezcalero. Se concluyó que el suelo de Miltepec y la fertilización con 30-20-15 kg de N-P-K ha-1 fueron los factores que más favorecieron el crecimiento y el rendimiento de biomasa de A. angustifolia y A. potatorum.
Abstract: Effect of fertilization in agaves at the Mixteca region has not been assessed, even though they are utilized for mezcal production. In this study, seedling growth of two species (Agave angustifolia Haw. and A. potatorum Zucc.) cultivated under greenhouse conditions in three soil types (Acatlima, Miltepec and Yodoyuxi soils) combined with four fertilization rates (0-0-0, 30-20-15, 60-40-30 and 90-60-45 kg of N-P-K ha(-1)), was evaluated. A factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 4 with 24 treatments and four replicates and 96 experimental units (plants) were distributed in a completely random design. Plant height and diameter, number of unfolded leaves, and dry biomass (BS) were measured 7 months after germination. Analyses of variance and Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05) were carried out for means comparison. It was found that the soil of Miltepec allowed agave plantlets to generate 300 and 220 % more BS than the Acatlima or Yodoyuxi soils, respectively. Seedlings fertilized with 30-20-15 kg de N-P-K ha(-1) yielded 58.3 % more BS than seedlings without fertilization. Interactions between main factors had not any important contribution on agave growth. It is concluded that plantlet growth and yield of A. angustifolia and A. potatorum were promoted by the soil of Miltepec and by fertilization with 30-20-15 kg of N-P-K ha(-1).

Referencia bibliográfica: 20 de 40
Título: Variación aloenzimática y tamaño de poblaciones de Haya mexicana (Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana) en la Sierra Madre Oriental; Allozyme variation and population size of Haya mexicana (Fagus grandifolia subsp mexicana) in the Sierra Madre Oriental.
Autores: Montiel-Oscura, Diego; Ramírez-Herrera, Carlos; Ángeles-Pérez, Gregorio; López-Upton, Javier; Antonio-López, Pedro.
Revista: Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 36 (4):413-420; OCT-DEC 2013
Resumen: Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. subsp. mexicana (Martínez) E. Murray crece en poblaciones aisladas en la Sierra Madre Oriental en México. Siete poblaciones de esta especie fueron muestreadas para determinar la variación aloenzimática en yemas vegetativas. Se analizaron 10 loci en ocho sistemas enzimáticos, donde se observaron 26 alelos. El porcentaje de loci polimórficos fue 62.9 % en promedio de poblaciones. El número promedio de alelos por locus fue 1.9. La heterocigosidad esperada y observada promedio fue de 0.202 y 0.253, respectivamente. El FST de Wright (0.057) indicó una diferenciación genética moderada. El flujo génico (Nem) fue de 5.26 individuos por generación. Las distancias génicas de Nei variaron de 0.001 a 0.027, con un promedio de 0.012. La densidad en las poblaciones varió de 251 a 416 árboles ha-1 en Agua Fría y en la cima del volcán Acatlán, respectivamente. En las siete poblaciones de F. grandifolia subsp. mexicana se estimó un número total de 45 533 árboles adultos. En La Mojonera se encontró el mayor número de árboles (14 903), mientras en la cima del volcán Acatlán hubo el menor (250). No se encontró correlación entre los parámetros de diversidad genética con el tamaño y densidad de las poblaciones. La diversidad aloenzimática encontrada en las poblaciones muestreadas de F. grandifolia subsp. mexicana fue moderada.
Abstract: Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. subsp. mexicana (Martinez) E. Murray grows in isolated populations at Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. Seven populations of this species were sampled to determine alloenzymatic variation in vegetative buds. A total of ten loci were analyzed on eight enzymatic systems, and 26 alleles were observed. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 62.9% in average among populations, and the number of alleles per locus was 1.9. Expected and observed heterozygosity were 0.202 and 0.253, respectively. Wright's F-ST (0.57) showed moderate genetic differentiation. The gene flow rate (Nem) was 5.26 individuals for generation. Nei's genetic distances ranged from 0.001 to 0.027 (average 0.012). Population density ranged from 251 to 416 trees ha(-1) in Agua Fria and in the summit of Acatlan Volcano, respectively. A total number of 45 533 adult trees were estimated in the seven populations of F. gradifolia subsp. mexicana. The largest number of trees (14 903) was found at La Mojonera while the shortest one (250) was found at the summit of the Acatlan Volcano. No correlation was found between parameters of genetic diversity and the size and density of populations. Allozyme variation found in the populations of F. grandifolia subsp. mexicana was moderate.

Referencia bibliográfica:  21 de 40
Título: Relationship between carbohydrates and vitality in urban trees
Autores: Martínez-Trinidad, Tomas; Plascencia-Escalante, Francisca O.; Islas-Rodríguez, Lisbet
Revista: Revista Chapingo serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, 19 (3):459-468; SEP-DEC 2013
Resumen: La concentración de carbohidratos, producto de la fotosíntesis, varía de acuerdo con las condiciones ambientales y las etapas fenológicas de los árboles urbanos. Como la distribución de azúcares es controlada por las relaciones fuente-demanda, la reserva de carbohidratos se vuelve una parte fundamental para afrontar las condiciones de estrés. Algunas investigaciones en Inglaterra y Estados Unidos han demostrado que la aplicación de azúcares al suelo mejora la vitalidad del arbolado urbano; sin embargo, se debe considerar el uso de éstos por los microorganismos. Por lo anterior, la inyección de azúcares al tronco se propone como un método alternativo. La vitalidad de los árboles se determina con base en diferentes variables como el crecimiento, la concentración de carbohidratos y la fluorescencia de clorofila. El trabajo integra información que describe la relación de los azúcares con la vitalidad del arbolado urbano.
Abstract: Carbohydrate content, a product of photosynthesis, varies depending on the environmental conditions and phenological stages of urban trees. Because carbohydrate partitioning is governed by source-sink relationships, carbohydrate reserves are important to face stressful conditions. Research in England and the United States has shown that the application of carbohydrates as a soil drench improves urban tree vitality; however, trunk injections should be considered as an alternative method because absorption via the soil drench method may be lower due to microbial activity in the soil. Tree vitality is determined based on different variables such as growth, carbohydrate content and chlorophyll fluorescence. This paper presents a literature review of information describing the relationship between sugars and vitality in urban trees.

Referencia bibliográfica:  22 de 40
Título: Progress and opportunities for monitoring greenhouse gases fluxes in Mexican ecosystems: the MexFlux network
Autores: Vargas, R.; Yépez, E. A.; Andrade, J. L.; Ángeles, G.; Arredondo, T.; Castellanos, A. E.; Delgado-Balbuena, J.; Garatuza-Payan, J.; González Del Castillo, E.; Oechel, W.; Rodríguez, J. C.; Sánchez -Azofeifa, A.; Velasco, E.; Vivoni, E. R.; Watts, C.
Revista: Atmósfera, 26 (3):325-336; JUN 2013
Resumen: Para entender los procesos de los ecosistemas desde un punto de vista funcional es fundamental entender las relaciones entre la variabilidad climática, los ciclos biogeoquímicos y las interacciones superficie-atmósfera. En las últimas décadas se ha aplicado de manera creciente el método de covarianza de flujos turbulentos (EC, por sus siglas en inglés) en ecosistemas terrestres, marinos y urbanos para medir los flujos de gases de invernadero (p. ej., CO2, H2O ) y energía (p. ej., calor sensible y latente). En diversas regiones se han establecido redes de sistemas EC que han aportado información científica para el diseño de políticas ambientales y de adaptación. En este contexto, el presente trabajo delimita el marco conceptual y técnico para el establecimiento de una red regional de medición de flujos de gases de efecto invernadero en México, denominada MexFlux, cuyo objetivo principal es mejorar nuestra comprensión de la forma en que la variabilidad climática y la transformación ambiental influye en la dinámica de los ecosistemas mexicanos ante los factores de cambio ambiental global. En este documento se analiza primero la importancia del intercambio de CO2 y vapor de agua entre los ecosistemas terrestres y la atmósfera. Después se describe brevemente la técnica de covarianza de flujos turbulentos para la medición de éstos, y se presentan ejemplos de mediciones en dos ecosistemas terrestres y uno urbano en México. Por último, se describen las bases conceptuales y operativas a corto, mediano y largo plazo para la continuidad de la red MexFlux.
Abstract: Understanding ecosystem processes from a functional point of view is essential to study relationships among climate variability, biogeochemical cycles, and surface-atmosphere interactions. Increasingly during the last decades, the eddy covariance (EC) method has been applied in terrestrial, marine and urban ecosystems to quantify fluxes of greenhouse gases (e. g., CO2, H2O) and energy (e.g., sensible and latent heat). Networks of EC systems have been established in different regions and have provided scientific information that has been used for designing environmental and adaptation policies. In this context, this article outlines the conceptual and technical framework for the establishment of an EC regional network (i.e., MexFlux) to measure the surface-atmosphere exchange of heat and greenhouse gases in Mexico. The goal of the network is to improve our understanding of how climate variability and environmental change influence the dynamics of Mexican ecosystems. First, we discuss the relevance of CO2 and water vapor exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Second, we briefly describe the EC basis and present examples of measurements in terrestrial and urban ecosystems of Mexico. Finally, we describe the conceptual and operational goals at short-, medium-, and long-term scales for continuity of the MexFlux network.

Referencia bibliográfica: 23 de 40
Título: Life History, Diagnosis, and Parasitoids of Zale phaeograpta (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Autores: Vázquez, Yadira-Maibeth; Martínez, Ana-Mabel; Valdez, Jorge-Manuel; Figueroa, José-Isaac; Rebollar, Ángel; Manuel Chavarrieta, Juan; Sánchez, José-Antonio; Vinuela, Elisa; Pineda, Samuel
Revista: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 107 (1):170-177; JAN 2014
Resumen: Lepidopteran erebid Zale phaeograpta (Hampson) has recently been found feeding on blackberry leaves (Rubus sp., cultivar 'Tupi') in two sites of Michoacan, Mexico. The life cycle and several life parameters of this insect, including parasitism, were examined in the laboratory. The egg, larva (seven instars), prepupa, pupa, and adult stages lasted 4.1, 35.9, 3.1, 14.5, and 29.1 d, respectively. Eggs are turquoise blue. The prolegs of first-instar larvae have an enlarged dark area that runs laterally. From second instar onwards, a whitish longitudinal dorsal band is observed along the entire body. Third-instar larvae wear a pair of dorsal protuberances in abdominal segment VIII. The fourth-and fifth-instar larvae are cream-colored, whereas sixth instars are entirely creamy. Pupa is covered with a waxy bloom. The apical margin of the forewings in males has two silvery bands, whereas in females, a dark band is present. Female and male pupae had the same weight (0.5 g) and measured 2.21 and 2.25 cm, respectively. The adult sex ratio of females to males was 1.1:1. The cumulative number of eggs laid by female during her lifetime was 281, with preoviposition and oviposition periods of 9.9 and 7.3 d, respectively. Maximum oviposition occurred 3.9 d after the start of oviposition (87.7 eggs per female). Larvae of Z. phaeograpta were parasitized by Microplitis sp. (Braconidae) (33%) and a currently unidentified Ichneumonidae species (9%), and pupae were parasitized by Brachymeria comitator (Walker) and another unidentified Brachymeria sp. (Chalcididae).

Referencia bibliográfica:  24 de 40
Título: A reference consensus genetic map for molecular markers and economically important traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Autores: Satovic, Zlatko; Ávila, Carmen M.; Cruz-Izquierdo, Serafín; Díaz-Ruiz, Ramón; García-Ruiz, Gloria M.; Palomino, Carmen; Gutiérrez, Natalia; Vitale, Stefania; Ocana-Moral, Sara; Victoria Gutiérrez, María; Cubero, José I.; Torres, Ana M.
Revista: BMC Genomics, 14 10.1186/1471-2164-14-932 DEC 30 2013
Resumen: Background: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is among the earliest domesticated crops from the Near East. Today this legume is a key protein feed and food worldwide and continues to serve an important role in culinary traditions throughout Middle East, Mediterranean region, China and Ethiopia. Adapted to a wide range of soil types, the main faba bean breeding objectives are to improve yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, seed quality and other agronomic traits. Genomic approaches aimed at enhancing faba bean breeding programs require high-quality genetic linkage maps to facilitate quantitative trait locus analysis and gene tagging for use in a marker-assisted selection. The objective of this study was to construct a reference consensus map in faba bean by joining the information from the most relevant maps reported so far in this crop. Results: A combination of two approaches, increasing the number of anchor loci in diverse mapping populations and joining the corresponding genetic maps, was used to develop a reference consensus map in faba bean. The map was constructed from three main recombinant inbreed populations derived from four parental lines, incorporates 729 markers and is based on 69 common loci. It spans 4,602 cM with a range from 323 to 1041 loci in six main linkage groups or chromosomes, and an average marker density of one locus every 6 cM. Locus order is generally well maintained between the consensus map and the individual maps. Conclusion: We have constructed a reliable and fairly dense consensus genetic linkage map that will serve as a basis for genomic approaches in faba bean research and breeding. The core map contains a larger number of markers than any previous individual map, covers existing gaps and achieves a wider coverage of the large faba bean genome as a whole. This tool can be used as a reference resource for studies in different genetic backgrounds, and provides a framework for transferring genetic information when using different marker technologies. Combined with syntenic approaches, the consensus map will increase marker density in selected genomic regions and will be useful for future faba bean molecular breeding applications.

Referencia bibliográfica: 25 de 40
Título: Population dynamics of Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on blue agave
Autores: Figueroa-Castro, Pedro; Fernando Solís-Aguilar, Juan; González- Hernández, Héctor; Rubio-Cortes, Ramón; Herrera-Navarro, Eliu G.; Emilio Castillo-Márquez, Luis; Rojas, Julio C.
Revista: Florida Entomologist, 96 (4):1454-1462; DEC 2013
Resumen: El picudo del agave, Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal, es considerado la principal plaga en Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul en México. En esta investigación, se utilizaron dos métodos de muestreo para estudiar la dinámica poblacional de S. acupunctatus durante 19 meses en plantaciones comerciales de agave tequilero en Ahualulco y Amatitán, Jalisco. Así mismo, se registró el daño directo causado por larvas de picudo en las plantas muestreadas. Adicionalmente, se determinó la posible relación entre el número de picudos encontrados en plantas y el número de picudos capturados en trampas con feromona de agregación sintética. En Ahualulco la mayor densidad poblacional de picudo (todos los estadios de desarrollo) se detectó en marzo de 2008, mientras que la mayor cantidad de picudos capturados en trampas ocurrió en mayo de 2009. En Amatitán, la mayor densidad poblacional de picudo (todos los estadios de desarrollo) se detectó en abril de 2009, mientras que las mayores cantidades de picudos capturados en trampas se obtuvieron en mayo y septiembre de 2009. El daño promedio causado por picudo por planta de agave muestreada fue de 75.4 ± 2.1% y 72.6 ± 2.0% en Ahualulco y Amatitán, respectivamente. En Ahualulco el número de picudos capturados en trampas estuvo positivamente correlacionado con el número de picudos adultos en plantas. En Amatitán el número de picudos capturados en trampas con feromona estuvo positivamente correlacionado con el número total de picudos en plantas. En ambos sitios experimentales la proporción sexual de los picudos adultos encontrados en plantas fue de aproximadamente 1:1 y esta tendencia no varió a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, en el caso de los picudos capturados en trampas, la mayoría fueron hembras.
Abstract: The agave weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal, is considered the main pest of Agave tequilana Weber var. 'Azul' (Asparagales: Asparagaceae) in Mexico. In this study, we investigated the population fluctuations of S. acupunctatus for 19 months using 2 sampling methods in blue agave fields in Ahualulco and Amatitan, Jalisco, Mexico. We recorded the direct damage caused by weevils on the sampled agave plants and evaluated the correlation between the number of S. acupunctatus captured by pheromone traps and the density of weevils located on plants. In Ahualulco, the highest agave weevil population density (for all developmental stages) was detected in Mar 2008, although the peak of trap captures occurred in May 2009. In Amatitan, the highest agave weevil population density was observed in Apr 2009, and the highest number of insects was captured in May and Sep 2009. The mean fraction of necrotic bole tissue caused by the weevils per sampled plant was 75.4 +/- 2.1% and 72.6 +/- 2.0% in Ahualulco and Amatitan, respectively. In Ahualulco, there was a positive correlation between the number of weevils caught in the pheromone traps and the number of adult weevils on the plants, whereas the number of weevils caught by the pheromone traps at Amatitan was positively correlated with the total number of weevils on the plants. We found that the sex ratio of weevils recovered from agave plants was approximately 1:1 at both experimental sites, and this trend did not vary seasonally; conversely, the sex ratio of captured weevils in pheromone traps was female-biased year-round.

Referencia bibliográfica: 26 de 40
Título: Comadia redtenbacheri (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) pupal development in the laboratory
Autores: Miranda-Perkins, K.; Llanderal-Cazares, C.; De Los Santos-Posadas, H. M.; Portillo-Martínez, L.; Vigueras-Guzmán, A. L.
Revista: Florida Entomologist, 96 (4):1424-1433; DEC 2013
Resumen: Las poblaciones silvestres de Comadia redtenbacheri Hammerschmidt, (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), conocido en su estado larval como gusano rojo del maguey, son colectadas de manera intensiva para su venta y consumo como alimento. Con el objeto de definir las condiciones adecuadas para la pupación en confinamiento, se evaluaron durante dos años consecutivos el efecto de la manipulación de las larvas durante la colecta, su peso al ser inducidas a pupar, así como el tipo de sustrato y la humedad proporcionados durante esta etapa de desarrollo. Los factores se analizaron mediante regresión logística (PROC GENMOD, α = 0.05), con base en la emergencia de adultos. La relación entre el peso larval y el sexo de los adultos se analizó con una tabla de contingencia. Las larvas se adaptaron a los diferentes sustratos utilizados para la pupación, los que incluso pueden ser reutilizados. La mezcla de suelo arcilloso de las áreas magueyeras con vermiculita en proporción 50:50 fue la más adecuada (valor estimado 0.7304). La humedad no tuvo un efecto significativo en el proceso de pupación. Al utilizar larvas sin manipulación con fines comerciales, la emergencia de adultos aumentó significativamente con respecto a las manipuladas. De acuerdo con la prueba de Chi Cuadrada, las larvas de quinto instar con peso de 0.30 a 0.39 g que logran pupar y emerger como adultos, no presentan diferencias significativas con las larvas de sexto y séptimo instares y peso de 0.40 o más. Los machos emergieron principalmente de puparios producidos por las larvas más pequeñas, mientras que las hembras lo hicieron de puparios que albergaron a larvas de mayor peso.
Abstract: Wild populations of Comadia redtenbacheri Hammerschmidt (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), known in its larval stage as the agave redworm, are gathered intensively for sale and consumption as food. To define adequate conditions for their pupation in confinement, the effect of handling larvae during collection, their weight when induced to pupate, substrate type and the moisture content provided during this stage of development, were evaluated over 2 consecutive yr. These factors were analyzed by logistic regression (PROC GENMOD, alpha = 0.05), relative to the emergence of adults. The relationship between larval weight and adult sexual gender was analyzed with a contingency table. The larvae exhibited adaptation to different substrates used for pupation, and substrates could be reused. The heavy clay content soil from areas where agaves grow, mixed with vermiculite (50:50), was the most suitable substrate (estimated value 0.7304). Moisture had no significant effect on pupation. Emergence of adults was significantly greater from larvae that had not been handled roughly as those acquired from commercial venders. According to the Chi-square test, the capacity to pupate by fifth instar larvae that weighed 0.30 to 0.39 g was not significantly different from that of the sixth and seventh instars that weighed 0.40 g or more. Males emerged mainly from cocoons produced by the smallest larvae, while females emerged mainly from cocoons by heavier larvae.

Referencia bibliográfica: 27 de 40
Título: Fungal Planet description sheets: 154-213
Autores: Crous, P. W.; Wingfield, M. J.; Guarro, J.; Cheewangkoon, R.; van der Bank, M.; Swart, W. J.; Stchigel, A. M.; Cano-Lira, J. F.; Roux, J.; Madrid, H.; Damm, U.; Wood, A. R.; Shuttleworth, L. A.; Hodges, C. S.; Munster, M.; de Jesus Yanez-Morales, M.; Zuniga-Estrada, L.; Cruywagen, E. M.; de Hoog, G. S.; Silvera, C.; Najafzadeh, J.; Davison, E. M.; Davison, P. J. N.; Barrett, M. D.; Barrett, R. L.; Manamgoda, D. S.; Minnis, A. M.; Kleczewski, N. M.; Flory, S. L.; Castlebury, L. A.; Clay, K.; Hyde, K. D.; Mausse-Sitoe, S. N. D.; Chen, Shuaifei; Lechat, C.; Hairaud, M.; Lesage-Meessen, L.; Pawlowska, J.; Wilk, M.; Sliwinska-Wyrzychowska, A.; Metrak, M.; Wrzosek, M.; Pavlic-Zupanc, D.; Maleme, H. M.; Slippers, B.; Mac Cormack, W. P.; Archuby, D. I.; Gruenwald, N. J.; Telleria, M. T.; Duenas, M.; Martin, M. P.; Marincowitz, S.; de Beer, Z. W.; Perez, C. A.; Gene, J.; Marin-Felix, Y.; Groenewald, J. Z.
Revista: Persoonia, 31 188-296; DEC 2013
Resumen: Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Camarosporium aloes, Phaeococcomyces aloes and Phoma aloes from Aloe, C. psoraleae, Diaporthe psoraleae and D. psoraleae-pinnatae from Psoralea, Colletotrichum euphorbiae from Euphorbia, Coniothyrium prosopidis and Peyronellaea prosopidis from Prosopis, Diaporthe cassines from Cassine, D. diospyricola from Diospyros, Diaporthe maytenicola from Maytenus, Harknessia proteae from Protea, Neofusicoccum ursorum and N. cryptoaustrale from Eucalyptus, Ochrocladosporium adansoniae from Adansonia, Pilidium pseudoconcavum from Greyia radlkoferi, Stagonospora pseudopaludosa from Phragmites and Toxicocladosporium ficiniae from Ficinia. Several species were also described from Thailand, namely: Chaetopsina pini and C. pinicola from Pinus spp., Myrmecridium thailandicum from reed litter, Passalora pseudotithoniae from Tithonia, Pallidocercospora ventilago from Ventilago, Pyricularia bothriochloae from Bothriochloa and Sphaerulina rhododendricola from Rhododendron. Novelties from Spain include Cladophialophora multiseptata, Knufia tsunedae and Pleuroascus rectipilus from soil and Cyphellophora catalaunica from river sediments. Species from the USA include Bipolaris drechsleri from Microstegium, Calonectria blephiliae from Blephilia, Kellermania macrospora (epitype) and K. pseudoyuccigena from Yucca. Three new species are described from Mexico, namely neophaeosphaeria agaves and K. agaves from Agave and Phytophthora ipomoeae from Ipomoea. Other African species include Calonectria mossambicensis from Eucalyptus (Mozambique), Harzia cameroonensis from an unknown creeper (Cameroon), Mastigosporella anisophylleae from Anisophyllea (Zambia) and Teratosphaeria terminaliae from Terminalia (Zimbabwe). Species from Europe include Auxarthron longi-sporum from forest soil (Portugal), Discosia pseudoartocreas from Tilia (Austria), Paraconiothyrium polonense and P. lycopodinum from Lycopodium (Poland) and Stachybotrys oleronensis from Iris (France). Two species of Chrysosporium are described from Antarctica, namely C. magnasporum and C. oceanitesii. Finally, Licea xanthospora is described from Australia, Hypochnicium huinayensis from Chile and Custingophora blanchettei from Uruguay. Novel genera of Ascomycetes include Neomycosphaerella from Pseudopentameris macrantha (South Africa), and Paramycosphaerella from Brachystegia sp. (Zimbabwe). Novel hyphomycete genera include Pseudocatenomycopsis from Rothmannia (Zambia), Neopseudocercospora from Terminalia (Zambia) and Neodeightoniella from Phragmites (South Africa), while Dimorphiopsis from Brachystegia (Zambia) represents a novel coelomycetous genus. Furthermore, Alanphillipsia is introduced as a new genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae with four species, A. aloes, A. aloeigena and A. aloetica from Aloe spp. and A. euphorbiae from Euphorbia sp. (South Africa). A new combination is also proposed for Brachysporium torulosum Deightoniella black tip of banana) as Corynespora torulosa. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

Referencia bibliográfica: 28 de 40
Título: Interpolation of Mexican soil properties at a scale of 1:1,000,000
Autores: Cruz-Cárdenas, Gustavo; López-Mata, Lauro; Alberto Ortiz-Solorio, Carlos; Luis Villaseñor, José; Ortiz, Enrique; Teodoro Silva, José; Estrada-Godoy, Francisco
Revista: Geoderma, 213 29-35; SI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.07.014 JAN 2014
Resumen: Mexico maintains several databases with biotic or abiotic information that enable large scale-studies (for example, at a resolution of 1 km(2)); unfortunately, there is no information at this resolution for soil properties. The goal of this paper was to generate a set of soil variables to address this absence. We evaluated 4400 soil samples taken on Mexican territory. The following nine soil properties were evaluated for each sample: Ca, K, Mg, Na, organic C, organic matter, electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio, and pH. With the use of geostatistical methods, a layer was generated for each soil property after six different semivariance models were evaluated. The kriging model (simple, ordinary, or universal) was selected as the best semivariance method with a 10-fold cross-validation approach. Exponential, pentaspherical, and spherical models were selected with ordinary and universal kriging methods to spatially predict the soil properties. Five classes for each soil map were generated. The nine soil properties were classified primarily as slightly low or medium according to their distribution throughout Mexican territory.

Referencia bibliográfica:  29 de 40
Título: The effects of increased N input on soil C and N dynamics in seasonally dry tropical forests: An experimental approach
Autores: Bejarano, Marylin; Etchevers, Jorge D.; Ruiz-Suarez, Gerardo; Campo, Julio
Revista: Applied Soil Ecology, 73 105-115; 10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.08.015 JAN 2014
Resumen: Although tropical forests play a disproportionate role in regulating global C and N cycles, the impact of elevated N-deposition on these ecosystems is not well studied. Our goal was to determine whether elevated N input had an effect on soil C and N cycling in seasonally dry tropical forests along a precipitation gradient (with mean annual precipitation ranging from 540 mm to 1040 mm). We used a microcosm N-fertilization experiment to explore how soil C and N dynamics respond to N addition. NO2 fluxes and net N-mineralization and nitrification rates in soils increased considerably with mean annual precipitation. In contrast, CO2 fluxes decreased with increased mean annual precipitation. Organic C concentrations in soil from both the driest and the wettest forest sites decreased significantly with elevated N input. However, microbial biomass responded to N enrichment differently across sites. In soils from the driest site, microbial biomass C and N concentrations declined significantly with elevated N input. In contrast, in soils from the wettest site, microbial biomass C and N immobilization increased. Net N-mineralization and nitrification rates did not respond to elevated N input. In soils from the driest site, elevated N input resulted in an increase in C and N losses due to CO2 and N2O fluxes. However, elevated N input to soils from the wettest site did not consistently affect CO2 and N2O fluxes. In soils from the wettest site, the main response to N enrichment was an increase only in CO2 fluxes. We conclude that the reactions of seasonally dry tropical forest soils to increases in N deposition will vary, depending on the details of the site's water limitations, which appear as a regulatory mechanism of the N cycle in these soils.

Referencia bibliográfica: 30 de 40
Título: Patrón espacio-temporal de larvas y huevecillos de nematodos gastrointestinales en pastizales ganaderos de Veracruz, México;  Spatio-temporal pattern of larvae and eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle pastures in Veracruz, México
Autores: Flota-Bañuelos, Carolina; Martínez M., Imelda; López-Collado, José; Vargas Mendoza, Mónica; González Hernández, Héctor; Fajersson, Pernilla
Revista: Revista de Biología Tropical, 61 (4):1747-1758; DEC 2013
Resumen: El conocer la disposición espacio-temporal y diseminación de las larvas de nematodos gastrointestinales en los pastizales, y estimar el efecto de la ivermectina aplicada a bovinos sobre la abundancia de sus huevecillos, permite estimar dónde y cuándo se presentan las poblaciones más altas, que puede servir para establecer planes de muestreo y orientar medidas de control, así como para definir el riesgo de contaminación de los pastizales de manera diferencial. Para la determinación de la disposición espacio-temporal de L3 en el pastizal, se recolectaron, contaron e identificaron mensualmente las larvas en 30 puntos de muestreo, posteriormente se generaron mapas de disposición espacial con los datos obtenidos de los conteos de L3 en cada punto y mes de muestreo, y se calculó el patrón de disposición mediante los índices varianza/media y K binomial negativa. El número de huevecillos por gramo de heces de los bovinos con (CI) y sin ivermectina (SI), se calculó con la técnica de McMaster. En el pastizal se recuperaron 20 276L3, correspondiendo el 80% a H contortus. En octubre 2008 se detectó la más alta densidad de nematodos con más de 5 000L3/kgMS. Las L3 presentaron un patrón espacial agregado de intensidad variable durante todo el año. Las mayores densidades poblacionales de nematodos fueron en octubre 2008 y las menores en febrero y marzo 2009. La aplicación de ivermectina a los bovinos no redujo el número de huevecillos presentes en las heces, debido a que los tratamientos fueron estadísticamente iguales. De julio a noviembre 2008, se observaron las mayores cargas parasitarias.
Abstract: The spatial and temporal distribution of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle has been little studied in Mexico. Previous studies have described periods of higher larval presence, vertical and horizontal migration in grasslands, and the frequency of adult nematodes; as well as the effect of pasture trichomes on the migration and survival of Haemonchus larvae. The aim of this study was to determine the time-space layout and spread of gastrointestinal nematode larvae on pasture, and to estimate the effect of ivermectin applied to cattle on the time-dependent abundance of their eggs in a ranch in Veracruz. To determine the spatio-temporal arrangement, monthly morning grass samples were obtained from 30 sampling points from July 2008 to June 2009. Third stage larvae (L-3) from each point were counted, and aggregation patterns were estimated through variance/mean and negative binomial K indices. Additionally, the number of eggs per gram in cattle feces was determined, from samples with (CI) and without ivermectin (SI), using standard techniques. A total of 20 276L(3) larvae were recovered in the pasture, of which an 80% corresponded to Haemonchus contortus. The highest nematode density with more than 5 000L(3)/kgDM was detected in October 2008, and the lowest in February and March 2009. The L-3 showed an aggregated spatial pattern of varying intensity throughout the year. The number of eggs in the stool was not reduced with the ivermectin application to cattle, which suggested a failure of control. However, the highest parasite loads were observed from July to November 2008. We concluded that the application of ivermectin was not effective to control nematodes eggs, and that L-3 populations fluctuated on pasture for ten months, providing an infection source to grazing animals afterwards.

Referencia bibliográfica: 31 de 40
Título: Nuevos Registros del Barrenador de Frutos del Chirimoyo Talponia batesi Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en México; New Records of Cherimola Fruit Borer Talponia batesi Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in México
Autores: Castañeda -Vildozola, Álvaro; Franco-Mora, Omar; Valdez-Carrasco, Jorge; Aguilar-Medel, Sotero; Ortiz-Curiel, Simitrio; Ruiz-Montiel, Cesar
Revista: Southwestern Entomologist, 38 (3):535-539; SEP 2013
Introducción: En la región Neotropical, el principal problema que enfrenta las anonáceas (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) como la guanábana (Annona muricata L.), chirimoya (A. cherimola Mill.), saramuyo (A. squamosa L.), ilama (A. diversifolia Saff.), yanona colorada (A. reticulata L.), es la alta incidencia de insectos barrenadores de frutos que limitan el crecimiento de la superficie de cultivo (Peña et al. 2002). Se tienen identificadas cinco especies de insectos que perforan frutos de anonáceas. La avispa de las anonáceas Bephratelloides cubensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), palomilla de las anonáceas Cerconota anonella (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae), el gusano de la cáscara Oenomaus ortygnus Cramer (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), picudo de las anonáceas Optatus palmaris Pascoe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), y el barrenador de frutos del chirimoyo Talponia batesi Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Peña et al. 2002). Las larvas de estos insectos, causan daño directo al alimentarse del endocarpio y semillas, destruyéndolos en su totalidad, además las perforaciones que realizan las larvas y adultos sirven de entrada a hongos como Colletotrichum spp, causante de la antracnosis de frutos de anonáceas (Peña et al. 2002; Boscán y Godoy 2004)…

Referencia bibliográfica: 32 de 40
Título: Mapping aboveground biomass by integrating geospatial and forest inventory data through a k-nearest neighbor strategy in North Central Mexico
Autores: Aguirre-Salado, Carlos A.; Treviño-Garza, Eduardo J.; Aguirre-Calderón, Oscar A.; Jiménez-Pérez, Javier; González-Tagle, Marco A.; Valdez-Lazalde, José R.; Sánchez -Díaz, Guillermo; Haapanen, Reija; Aguirre-Salado, Alejandro I.; Miranda-Aragón, Liliana
Revista: Journal of Arid Land, 6 (1):80-96; 10.1007/s40333-013-0191-x FEB 2014
Resumen: As climate change negotiations progress, monitoring biomass and carbon stocks is becoming an important part of the current forest research. Therefore, national governments are interested in developing forest-monitoring strategies using geospatial technology. Among statistical methods for mapping biomass, there is a nonparametric approach called k-nearest neighbor (kNN). We compared four variations of distance metrics of the kNN for the spatially-explicit estimation of aboveground biomass in a portion of the Mexican north border of the intertropical zone. Satellite derived, climatic, and topographic predictor variables were combined with the Mexican National Forest Inventory (NFI) data to accomplish the purpose. Performance of distance metrics applied into the kNN algorithm was evaluated using a cross validation leave-one-out technique. The results indicate that the Most Similar Neighbor (MSN) approach maximizes the correlation between predictor and response variables (r=0.9). Our results are in agreement with those reported in the literature. These findings confirm the predictive potential of the MSN approach for mapping forest variables at pixel level under the policy of Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+).

Referencia bibliográfica: 33 de 40
Título: A new species of Tamarixia Mercet (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), parasitoid of Trioza aguacate Hollis & Martin (Hemiptera, Triozidae) in Mexico
Autores: Yefremova, Zoya; González -Santarosa, Graciela; Refugio Lomelí-Flores, J.; Bautista-Martínez, Néstor
Revista: Zookeys, (368):23-35; 10.3897/zookeys.368.6468 2014
Resumen: Tamarixia aguacatensis Yefremova, sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) is described from Mexico as a parasitoid of the avocado psyllid, Trioza aguacate Hollis & Martin (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Trioza aguacate is a serious pest of avocado, Persea americana Miller. A key to the species of Tamarixia Mercet in Mexico is given.

Referencia bibliográfica: 34 de 40
Título: Compuestos antioxidantes en frutos de tejocote (Crataegus spp.) de México; Antioxidant compounds in hawthorn fruits (Crataegus spp.) of Mexico
Autores: García-Mateos, Rosario; Ibarra-Estrada, Emmanuel; Nieto-Ángel, Raúl
Revista: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 84 (4):1298-1304; 10.7550/rmb.35675 DEC 2013
Resumen: El contenido de fitoquímicos asociado con la actividad antioxidante de los frutos de especies de tejocote (Crataegus spp.; Rosacea) localizadas en México es desconocido. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, vitamina C y la actividad antioxidante, en una selección de especies de tejocote mexicano. La cuantificación de fenoles totales, flavonoides y vitamina C (expresada en mg de ácido gálico, quercetina y ácido ascórbico por 100 gr de peso fresco, respectivamente) en 10 gr de frutos seleccionados de cada genotipo, se muestrearon 20 genotipos localizados en el banco de germoplasma de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, México. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó de acuerdo al método del DPPH y se expresó como concentración media inhibitoria (CI50). No se observó una relación del contenido de fenólicos, flavonoides y vitamina C con el origen y la especie de las muestras. Algunos genotipos del estado de Chiapas por su calidad nutracéutica podrían ser consideradas para uso comercial y consumo. La mayoría de los 20 genotipos de tejocote presentaron un contenido de compuestos fenólicos más alto que el descrito para otros frutos (lichi, durazno y fresa), estas características proporcionan un valor agregado a la fruta.
Abstract: The content of phytochemicals associated with the antioxidant activity of the fruits of species of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.; Rosacea) located in Mexico is unknown. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamin C and the antioxidant activity in a selection of Mexican hawthorn species. A quantification was made of total phenols, flavonoids and vitamin C (expressed on mg of phenol, quercetin and ascorbic acid per 100 g of fresh weight, respectively), in 10 g of fruits selected from each genotype; a total of 20 genotypes were sampled, these located in the germplasm bank of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Mexico. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH method, expressed as mean inhibitory concentration (IC50). Content of total phenols, flavonoids and vitamin C cannot be associated with the origin and species of the samples. Some genotypes from the state of Chiapas could be considered to have a higher potential for commercial use and consumption due to their nutraceutical quality. Most of the fruits of the 20 genotypes of hawthorn presented a content of phenolic compounds higher than that described for other fruits (lychee fruits, peaches and strawberries); these nutraceutical characteristics provide an added value to the fruit.

Referencia bibliográfica: 35 de 40
Título: Distribución espacial de la riqueza de especies de plantas vasculares en México; Spatial distribution of species richness of vascular plants in Mexico
Autores: Cruz-Cárdenas, Gustavo; Villaseñor, José Luis; López-Mata, Lauro; Ortiz, Enrique
Revista: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 84 (4):1189-1199; 10.7550/rmb.31811 DEC 2013
Resumen: En diversos campos como biología y ecología, la información sobre la riqueza de especies y su distribución geográfica es fundamental para la toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, existen países que cuentan con información limitada a nivel nacional, como es el caso de México. Por lo tanto, consideramos importante generar un mapa de la distribución de la riqueza conocida y estimada de especies de plantas vasculares a nivel nacional. Para cumplir tal objetivo y mediante el uso de 2 métodos geoestadísticos (Kriging universal y Co-Kriging), se realizó la predicción espacial de riqueza de especies a partir de información contenida en celdas de 1° × 1°. Los resultados muestran que en México la riqueza varía desde 20 hasta 3 800 especies. Los estados con mayor riqueza conocida y estimada de especies son Chiapas, Guerrero y Oaxaca. Las 2 técnicas geoestadísticas empleadas demostraron ser una herramienta eficaz para calcular la predicción espacial de la riqueza de especies de plantas vasculares, debido a que el error medio y la media estandarizada del error de predicción fue cercano a 0.
Abstract: In many fields of biology, information on species richness and geographic distribution is essential for decision-making. However, Mexico as many other countries does not has this information at national level; therefore we consider important to generate information about of the distribution of species richness both known and estimated at national level. In order to fulfill this objective and through the use of 2 geostatistical techniques (Kriging universal and Co-Kriging), we performed the spatial prediction of species richness from information contained in cells of 1 degrees x 1 degrees. Results showed the occurrence of areas in Mexico with richness varying from 20 to 3 800 species. The states with the highest number of species are Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca. The 2 geostatistical techniques employed showed to be efficient tools to estimate spatial predictions of species richness.

Referencia bibliográfica: 36 de 40
Título: Mesostigmados (Acari: Mesostigmata) asociados con Dendroctonus rhizophagus de Chihuahua, México; Mesostigmatid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated to Dendroctonus rhizophagus from Chihuahua, México
Autores: Patricia Chaires-Grijalva, M.; Estrada-Venegas, Edith G.; Equihua- Martínez, Armando; Moser, John C.; Sánchez -Martínez, Guillermo; Vázquez-Rojas, Ignacio M.; Otero-Colina, Gabriel; Romero-Nápoles, Jesús
Revista: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 84 (4):1235-1242; 10.7550/rmb.35723 DEC 2013
Resumen: Se registran 7 especies de mesostigmados asociados con Dendroctonus rhizophagus. Para realizar este estudio se efectuaron muestreos en el estado de Chihuahua, junio y julio del 2008-2011. Las raíces de Pinus arizonica fueron observadas bajo microscopio para obtener los ácaros vivos asociados con D. rhizophagus y a las galerías. Complementariamente, se revisaron ejemplares de las colecciones en alcohol de D. rhizophagus del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) y del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). Se encontró a Dendrolaelaps neocornutus, Macrocheles boudreauxi, Proctolaelaps hystrix, P. subcorticalis, Trichouropoda ovalis, T. polytricha, Trichouropoda sp. 2, Lasioseius imitans y Androlaelaps casalis en galerías y sobre el cuerpo del insecto; en este último caso, localizadas principalmente en las zonas gular y esternitos ventrales. Las especies encontradas en las galerías pueden hallar una amplia disponibilidad de recursos alimentarios, así como una temperatura constante y sobre todo, protección de otros depredadores. Con este trabajo se incrementa el número de mesostigmados asociados con D. rhizophagus en el estado de Chihuahua y se amplía el mapa de distribución de especies en México.
Abstract: We report 7 species of mesostigmatid mites associated to Dendroctonus rhizophagus. Samples were taken in the state of Chihuahua (June and July 2008-2011). The roots of Pinus arizonica were observed under the microscope to obtain mites associated to D. rhizophagus and their galleries. Collection from Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) and Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) were reviewed. Dendrolaelaps  neocornutus, Macrocheles boudreauxi, Proctolaelaps hystrix, P. subcorticalis, Trichouropoda ovalis, T. polytricha, Trichouropoda sp. 2, Lasioseius imitans, and Androlaelaps casalis were found in galleries and on the insect's body, located mainly on gular zone and ventral sternites. The species found in the galleries can find a wide availability of food resources with constant temperature and above all protection from other predators. With this study the number of species associated to D. rhizophagus is increased for the state of Chihuahua, and the general distribution of these mites in Mexico is expanded.

Referencia bibliográfica:  37 de 40
Título: Nitrogen fertilization sources and insecticidal activity of aqueous seeds extract of Carica papaya against Spodoptera frugiperda in maize
Autores: Figueroa-Brito, Rodolfo; Villa-Ayala, Patricia; López -Olguín, Jesús F.; Huerta-de la Peña, Arturo; Pacheco-Aguilar, Juan R.; Ramos-López, Miguel A.
Revista: Ciencia e Investigación Agraria, 40 (3):559-569; SEP-DEC 2013
Resumen: Se estimó el daño causado por el gusano cogollero del maíz Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) durante la etapa vegetativa de maíz cultivado con fertilizantes nitrogenados químicos, vermicomposta, y extracto acuoso de semillas de Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae). Cada brote se infestó con una larva de primer instar de S. frugiperda. Las variables evaluadas incluyen el porcentaje de germinación. Las variables respuesta fueron el porcentaje de emergencia, longitud de la segunda y quinta hoja, diámetro de tallo y altura de la planta; así como la estimación de daño causado por larvas de S. frugiperda al maíz. Los resultados indicaron que la vermicomposta ayudó a la emergencia de la semilla, en una relación 3:1 de suelo con vermicomposta alcanzó 100% de emergencia, mientras que solo con suelo, la emergencia fue de 80%; el sulfato de amonio incrementó el tamaño de la segunda hoja y quinta hoja 89,6 y 160,4% respectivamente, aumentó el diámetro de tallo y la altura de la planta 290,2 y 13,3%, respecto al tratamiento donde solo se aplicó agua. Las fuentes de nitrógeno estimularon que S. frugiperda ocasionara más daño a la planta, el tratamiento con urea presentó 70% de daño, con fosfonitrato 62,3%, con sulfato de amonio fue de 51,8% sin extracto acuoso de semillas de C. papaya. El tratamiento con sulfato de amonio + extracto acuoso de semillas de C. papaya registró el menor daño del insecto al maíz con 29,6%.
Abstract: The damage caused by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to vegetative-stage maize cultivated with chemical nitrogen fertilizers, vermicompost, and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) seed extract was estimated. Each shoot was infested with one first instar larva of S. frugiperda. The variables measured included the percentage of germination, length of the second and fifth leaves, stem diameter and plant height, and the estimation of damage caused by S. frugiperda larvae on maize. The results indicated that vermicompost helped seed germination on a relation 3:1 from black soil and vermicompost, the emergence was 100%, while the emergence with black soil was 80%. The ammonium sulfate increased the length of the second and fifth leaves 89.6% and 160.4% respectively, augmented the stem diameter and the plant height 290.2% and 13.3% respectively, respect to water treatment. The exogenous nitrogen sources stimulate S. frugiperda to cause more damage to the plant, the treatment urea showed 70% of damage, with phosphonitrate 62.3% and with ammonium sulfate 51.8%, when were evaluated without aqueous seed extract of C. papaya. Ammonium sulfate + aqueous extract of C. papaya seeds showed the lowest insect damage to maize with 29.6%.

Referencia bibliográfica:  38 de 40
Título: Influence of climatic conditions, topography and soil attributes on the spatial distribution of site productivity index of the species rich forests of Jalisco, México
Autores: Mohamed, Adel; Reich, Robin M.; Khosla, Raj; Aguirre-Bravo, C.; Briseño, Martin Mendoza
Revista: Journal of Forestry Research, 25 (1):87-95; 10.1007/s11676-014-0434-5 MAR 2014
Resumen: This paper presents an approach based on field data to model the spatial distribution of the site productivity index (SPI) of the diverse forest types in Jalisco, Mexico and the response in SPI to site and climatic conditions. A linear regression model was constructed to test the hypothesis that site and climate variables can be used to predict the SPI of the major forest types in Jalisco. SPI varied significantly with topography (elevation, aspect and slope), soil attributes (pH, sand and silt), climate (temperature and precipitation zones) and forest type. The most important variable in the model was forest type, which accounted for 35% of the variability in SPI. Temperature and precipitation accounted for 8 to 9% of the variability in SPI while the soil attributes accounted for less than 4% of the variability observed in SPI. No significant differences were detected between the observed and predicted SPI for the individual forest types. The linear regression model was used to develop maps of the spatial variability ha predicted SPI for the individual forest types in the state. The spatial site productivity models developed in this study provides a basis for understanding the complex relationship that exists between forest productivity and site and climatic conditions in the state. Findings of this study will assist resource managers in making cost-effective decisions about the management of individual forest types in the state of Jalisco, Mexico.

Referencia bibliográfica:  39 de 40
Título: Efluente y té de vermicompost en la producción de hortalizas de hoja en sistema NFT;
Vermicompost effluent and tea in the production of leafy vegetables in system NFT.
Autores: González Solano, Karla D.; Rodríguez Mendoza, Ma. de las Nieves; Trejo Téllez, Libia I.; García Cue, José Luis; Sánchez Escudero, Julio
Revista: Interciencia, 38 (12):863-869; DEC 2013
Resumen: Se comparó los efectos de té y efluente de vermicompost con la solución nutritiva Steiner en tres especies vegetales en un sistema hidropónico NFT (Nutrient Film Technique). El experimento se realizó en Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, en invernadero tipo túnel, de mayo a agosto 2012. Las especies y cultivares utilizados fueron: albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L .) c v M inimum, cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L .) c v C aribe, y l echuga ( Lactuca sativa L.) cv Escala. La solución nutritiva mineral tuvo efecto significativo sobre la altura, diámetro de tallo, lecturas SPAD, área foliar, peso seco de raíz, tallo y hojas y en la biomasa total de las plantas. El té de vermicompost favoreció el crecimiento de albahaca y lechuga de forma similar a la solución mineral, obteniéndose en ambos tratamientos los mejores resultados en altura, diámetro de tallo, área foliar, peso seco de tallo y peso seco de hoja de albahaca; el mayor peso seco de raíz (1,403g) y biomasa total (3,013g) se registró con el té. En plantas de cilantro el mejor crecimiento se presentó en las plantas en que la nutrición fue con la aplicación del té, mientas que con el efluente se registraron valores bajos en los tres cultivos. Para lechuga con el té se obtuvo la mayor biomasa (7,219g) y lecturas SPAD (28,10); las demás variables fueron estadísticamente iguales a la solución Steiner. El té de vermicompost resultó ser una fuente nutrimental suficiente para el crecimiento de las especies evaluadas, por lo que se recomienda como alternativa para la producción en sistemas hidropónicos.
Abstract: The effects of vermicompost tea and effluent were compared to Steiner nutrient solution on three plant species in a NFT hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico, in a tunnel-type greenhouse, from May to August 2012. The species and cultivars used were: basil (Ocimum basilicum L) cv Minimum, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv Caribe, and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv Escala. The mineral nutrient solution had a significant effect on height, stem diameter, SPAD readings, leaf area, root, stem and leaf dry weight and total plant biomass. Vermicompost tea favored the growth of basil and lettuce in a similar way to the mineral solution, obtaining with both treatments the best results for the two plants in height, stem diameter, leaf area, stem dry weight and leaf dry weight; the best root dry weight (1.403g) and total biomass (3013g) was recorded with tea. In coriander plants, the best growth occurred in those in which the nutrition was with the application of the tea, while the effluent recorded low values in the three crops. For lettuce with tea, the highest total biomass (7.219g) and SPAD readings (28.10) were obtained, while the other variables were statistically equal to those of the Steiner solution. Vermicompost tea proved to be a sufficient nutrient source for the growth of the species analyzed, and is thus recommended as an alternative production method in hydroponic systems.

Referencia bibliográfica: 40 de 40
Título: Inoculación de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento en el cultivo de melón (cucumis melo);
 Inoculation of growth-promoting bacteria in melon (Cucumis melo).
Autores: Rodríguez Mendoza, Ma. de las Nieves; San Miguel-Chávez, Rubén; García Cue, José Luis; Benavides Mendoza, Adalberto
Revista: Interciencia, 38 (12):857-862; DEC 2013
Resumen: Se midió el efecto de inocular bacterias promotoras de crecimiento en el desarrollo del cultivo de melón en invernadero. Con cinco diferentes cepas de rizobacterias y el testigo se establecieron seis tratamientos en un diseño al azar con ocho repeticiones. En la primera etapa fueron inoculadas 108UFC por planta de: Ochrobactrum anthropi (cepa 208), Microbacterium sp. (cepa N50), Bacillus cereus (cepa N198), Pseudomonas fluorescens (cepa 4) y Sphingomonas sp. (cepa 170) en plántulas de melón cv Ovación que crecían en peat moss estéril. Treinta días después de la inoculación se transplantó a macetas de 20 litros con tezontle como sustrato y riego por goteo de solución de Steiner. Cuando las plantas presentaron el 50% de floración, se determinó el contenido relativo de clorofila (unidades SPAD), ácido indolbutírico (AIB) y ácido indolacético (AIA). A la cosecha se evaluó: altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, número y peso promedio de frutos por planta, rendimiento, peso seco de raíz y follaje. Se realizó análisis de varianza, comparación de medias con la prueba de Tukey (α=0,05) y correlación entre variables. La inoculación de rizobacterias no incrementó el contenido relativo de clorofila, pero sí la altura de planta hasta 50,4% cuando se aplicó Bacillus cereus (N198). Con Pseudomonas fluorescens se produjeron los frutos de mayor peso unitario (891g) y con la mayor concentración de AIA (6,05μg·g1). El peso seco de la raíz aumentó 38-60%, y el nitrógeno y sodio en el follaje aumentaron con la inoculación. El uso de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento en producción hidropónica es una alternativa para favorecer el cultivo de melón.
Abstract: The effect of the inoculation of growth-promoting bacteria on melon plants grown under greenhouse conditions was measured. Using five different strains of rhizobacteria and a control, six treatments were established in a randomized design with eight replications. In the first stage, the bacteria Ochrobactrum anthropi (strain 208), Microbacterium sp. (strain N50), Bacillus cereus (strain NI98), Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain 4) and Sphingomonas sp. (strain 170) were inoculated in melon cv Ovation seedlings growing in sterile peat moss. At 30 days after inoculation, the seedlings were transplanted into 20lit pots with tezontle as substrate and drop irrigation with Steiner’s nutrient solution. When the plants presented 50% flowering, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD units), indolebutyric (IBA) and indoleacetic (IAA) acids were determined using. At harvest, plant height, stem diameter, number and average weight of fruits per plant, and root and foliage dry weight were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, comparison of means using the Tukey test (alpha=0.05) and correlation between variables. Inoculation did not increase relative chlorophyll content, but plant height increased by up to 50.4% when Bacillus cereus (N198) was applied. With Pseudomonas fluorescens plants showed the highest weight per fruit (891g) and the highest concentration of IAA (6.05 mu g.g(-1)). Root dry weighi increased by 38-60% and nitrogen and sodium concentrations in foliage increased with the addition of bacteria. The use of growth-promoting bacteria in hydroponic melon production is an alternative to promote crop development.