ALERTA BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA DEL
COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS.
junio 2015
Recursos y Servicios de Información
Científica y
Tecnológica (RESDICYT-COLPOS).
Campus San Luis Potosí.
Iturbide 73,
Salinas de
Hidalgo, S. L. P. 78622
México
Tel. +52(496) 96 30240 ext. 4039
abravo@colpos.mx
Se incluyen 50 registros
bibliográficos de documentos en los que participan como autores personal
académico del Colegio de Postgraduados. 16 documentos fueron indizados en el Science
Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) y el Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) de la
Colección Principal del Web de la Ciencia (WOS), y 34 en SCOPUS. Algunos
documentos que fueron indizados en ambas bases de datos se incluyen en el WOS
sin repetirse en SCOPUS.
En la primer parte se
muestran los documentos indizados en el SCIE y SSCI de la Colección Principal
del Web de la Ciencia y en la parte II los documentos indizados en SCOPUS,
ambos listados se listan en orden alfabético por apellido del primer autor.
Los registros bibliográficos
se presentan de acuerdo a la norma ISO 690. La mayoría de los metadatos fueron
cosechados directamente de los sitios web de las revistas, solo en los casos
que dichas bases de datos no son compatibles con la extracción de metadatos, se
obtuvieron de otras fuentes como Scielo México, WOS y SCOPUS.
Parte 1. DOCUMENTOS INDIZADOS EN LAS BASES DE DATOS SCIE Y SSCI DE LA COLECCIÓN PRINCIPAL DEL WEB DE LA CIENCIA
AQUINO-RAMÍREZ, Martín, VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ, Alejandro,
CASTELLANOS-BOLAÑOS, Juan F., DE LOS SANTOS-POSADAS, Héctor and
ETCHEVERS-BARRA, Jorge D., 2015, Aboveground Biomass
Allocation in Three Tropical Tree Species. Agrociencia. May 2015. Vol. 49,
no. 3, p. 299–314.
Resumen: Knowledge
of forest carbon stores is fundamental to generating inventories that
approximate real C stores. For these inventories, it necessary to have
estimations of tree biomass. Allometric equations are tools for estimating
biomass and its distribution in forest ecosystems. The objective of this study
was to develop equations to estimate total above-ground biomass and the biomass
of structural components of trees in the physiographic region of the Sierra
Madre del Sur, in the municipality of Pluma Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Mexico. The
species selected for their relative abundance were Cupania dentata DC.,
Alchornea latifolia Sw. and Inga pzinctata Willd. These species were grouped
using an additionality test; a regression model was used resulting in two
groups. In the models fit for estimation of total above-ground biomass, the
predicting variables were diameter at breast height and total tree height.
Indicator variables were also included to define the effect of the group within
the model. Models were fit by linear and non-linear regression, which resulted
in high values of the adjusted coefficient of determination (R-Adj (2) >
0.98). This showed differences in the quantity of total aerial biomass between
groups, a situation that was attributed to the specific density of the wood and
to tree morphology. Biomass in the structural components of the tree (stump,
stem, bark, branches and leaves) was estimated with a system of equations based
on partition factors using SUR (Seemingly Unrelated Regressions) to fit the
regression parameters. In the three species, the greatest accumulation of
biomass was concentrated mainly in the branches, followed by the stem, bark,
stump and leaves.
AYALA, Antonio, MUÑOZ, Mario F. and ARGÜELLES,
Sandro, 2014, Lipid Peroxidation: Production,
Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and
4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular
Longevity. 2014. Vol. 2014, p. 1–31. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/360438.
Disponible en: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2014/360438/
Resumen: Lipid
peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such
as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s),
especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an
extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its
important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the
total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98
(1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last
4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular
physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation,
continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review
focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism,
and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation
products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
(4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as
signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its
cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally,
overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid
peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE
are shown.
EEVERS, N., GIELEN, M., SÁNCHEZ-LÓPEZ, A.,
JASPERS, S., WHITE, J. C., VANGRONSVELD, J. and WEYENS, N., 2015, Optimization of isolation and cultivation of bacterial
endophytes through addition of plant extract to nutrient media. Microbial Biotechnology [en línea]. Vol. 8,
no. 4, p. 707–715. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12291.
Resumen: Many
endophytes have beneficial effects on plants and can be exploited in
biotechnological applications. Studies hypothesize that only 0.001–1% of all
plant-associated bacteria are cultivable. Moreover, even after successful
isolations, many endophytic bacteria often show reduced regrowth capacity. This
research aimed to optimize isolation processes and culturing these bacteria
afterwards. We compared several minimal and complex media in a screening.
Beside the media themselves, two gelling agents and adding plant extract to
media were investigated to enhance the number and diversity of endophytes as
well as the growth capacity when regrown after isolation. In this work, 869
medium delivered the highest numbers of cultivable bacteria, as well as the
highest diversity. When comparing gelling agents, no differences were observed
in the numbers of bacteria. Adding plant extract to the media lead to a slight
increase in diversity. However, when adding plant extract to improve the
regrowth capacity, sharp increases of viable bacteria occurred in both rich and
minimal media.
GALVÁN-ESCOBEDO, I. G., RAMÍREZ-ARRIAGA, E.,
MARTÍNEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, E., REYES-SALAS, M., ÁNGELES-GARCÍA, S. and
KOHASHI-SHIBATA, J., 2015, Morphological Descriptions of Late Oligocene - Early
Miocene Spores: San Gregorio Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Acta Microscopica Vol. 24,
no. 1, p. 41–52.
Resumen: The San
Gregorio Formation (Late Oligocene-Early Miocene) is part of the Paleogene and
Neogene stratigraphic sequence in La Purisima region, Baja California Sur,
Mexico. A borehole from this formation was analyzed with the aim of
contributing continental and marine palynomorphs. This paper presents the
results concerning to the continental palynomorphs, belonging to bryophyte and
pteridophyte spores group. One bryophyte and eight pteridophyte spores were
identified to genus level: cf. Camarazonosporites, Cicatricosisporites,
Deltoidospora, Granulatisporites, Leptolepidites, Lycopodiacidites,
Stereisporites, Undulatisporites and Polypodiisporites. One pteridophyte spore
was identified to species level -Lusatisporis dettmannae-, which was the most
abundant. We present systematic descriptions of the taxa recorded. These spores
are associated to the Cloud Forest vegetation type.
GALVÁN-ESCOBEDO, I. G., RAMÍREZ-ARRIAGA, E.,
REYES-SALAS, M., MARTÍNEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, E., ANGELES-GARCÍA, S. and GARCÍA-MOYA,
E., 2015, Descriptions and botanical affinities of Tubulifloridites Cookson 1947 ex Potonie 1960 pollen grains from the San Gregorio formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Acta Microscopica. Vol. 24, no. 1,
p. 7–15.
Resumen: From the
San Gregorio Formation (Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene), Baja California Sur,
Mexico, 105.4 meter-deep borehole “B4” was analyzed. Among the continental
palynomorphs, four Tubulifloridites taxa, whose botanic affinity is Asteraceae
family (Astereae, Eupatorieae and Heliantheae tribes), were recovered and
described. The four Tubulifloridites types were classified into three groups
according to morphological measures, using k-means cluster analysis. Scanning
electron microscope and light photomicrographs were taken. Descriptions
complement the contributions made by other authors to this genus, pertaining to
the Baja California peninsula during the Paleogene and Neogene and contribute
to the geological history of the family.
GIESE, Gill, WOLF, Tony K., VELASCO-CRUZ, Ciro,
ROBERTS, Lucas and HEITMAN, Josh, 2015, Cover
Crop and Root Pruning Impacts on Vegetative Growth, Crop Yield Components, and
Grape Composition of Cabernet Sauvignon. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. Vol. 66,
no. 2, p. 212–226. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2014.14100
Disponible en: http://www.ajevonline.org/content/66/2/212
Resumen: Complete
vineyard floor cover cropping (inter- and intrarow) and vine root pruning were
evaluated as tools to restrict vegetative growth of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet
Sauvignon grapevines. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot, randomized,
complete block design with cover crop schemes as main plots and annual vine
root pruning (RP), or not (NRP), as subplots. Five perennial grasses as
complete floor cover crops were compared to a more conventional under-trellis
herbicide strip combined with KY-31 fescue interrows. KY-31 fescue and
orchardgrass each reduced shoot growth rate by >30% in 2006 and >20% in
2007, below that of the herbicide-strip control vines. Root pruning
independently reduced shoot growth rates. The combination of cover crop and RP decreased
dormant pruning weights more than did the additive effects of either factor
applied alone. Pruning weights in 2010 were reduced 8% below the control by RP,
by 15% by cover crop, but by 38% when both treatments were applied. Leaf
petiole N concentration at bloom was ~11% lower in RP vines in two of three
years evaluated, but did not differ among vines grown with different cover
crops. Stem water potential (Ψstem) was not affected by treatments. Cover
cropping did not reduce crop yield with the exception of reduced yield due to
KY-31 fescue in 2006. Berry weights were slightly reduced by a RP × year
interaction from 2007 to 2009 and by a year effect in 2011 compared to 2010.
While complete vineyard floor cover cropping and root pruning were effective
tools to reduce vine size and vigor, effects on canopy architecture and primary
fruit chemistry were minimal and more influenced by seasonal variation.
GONZÁLEZ-CHÁVEZ, M. C. A., RUIZ OLIVARES, A.,
CARRILLO-GONZÁLEZ, R. and RÍOS LEAL, E. 2014, Crude oil and bioproducts of castor bean (Ricinus
communis L.) plants established naturally on metal mine tailings. International
Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 12, no. 7,
p. 2263–2272. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0622-z.
Disponible en: http://link.springer.com./article/10.1007/s13762-014-0622-z
Resumen: Previous
research suggested that Ricinus communis may be used for soil remediation and
oil production. However, the quality of the oil and bioproducts under polluted
conditions need to be tested to be assured of their potential use in biofuel
production with environmentally friendly bioproducts (cake, seed coats and
biomass). Oil characteristics and metal concentrations in oil, cake (de-oiled
seeds) and seed coats, as well as the shoot carbon content were analyzed. The
oil contents of palmitic and oleic acids from plants growing in polluted mine
tailings were comparable to those for plants grown under non-polluted
conditions. Linoleic acid content was significantly higher in oil of plants
from mine tailings, which enriches the fuel properties. Cadmium and lead were
mainly concentrated in the seed coat, whereas copper in the cake. Castor bean
oil had low concentrations of cadmium, lead, zinc, nickel, manganese and
copper-free. Cake and seed coats can be useful for soil fertilization
applications since the metal concentrations are below safety regulations. The
biomass carbon was around 43 %, which suggests it may be used for biogas
production. These properties make castor bean valuable for its oil and
bioproducts even when growing at metal-polluted sites. However, agronomic
optimization is needed in order to produce higher plant productivity.
HERNÁNDEZ-NICOLAS, Nancy, CORDOVA -TELLEZ,
Leobigildo, ROMERO-MANZANARES, Angelica, JIMÉNEZ -RAMÍREZ, Jaime, LOBATO-ORTIZ,
Ricardo and CUEVAS-SÁNCHEZ, Jesiis, 2015, Diagnosis
for the ecological conservation of Jatropha spp. (Euphorbiaceae) and their
habitats in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Reserve, Mexico. Revista De Biologia Tropical. Vol. 63, no. 1,
p. 23–33. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i1.13785.
Disponible en: http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/13785
Resumen: Jatropha
spp. is an important phytogenetic resource used as food, medicine, and biofuel.
In this study, we verified the taxonomic identity of Jatropha species for The
Biosphere Reserve Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, and the Ecological Land Units (ELU)
occupied by them. We assessed the conservation status of their habitats, and
the vulnerability of Jatropha spp. populations. A total of 15 sampling sites
were selected in the Reserve. The taxonomic work was based on specimens,
original descriptions and type material from herbaria and those available
on-line. ELUs were classified using biophysical variables, and gvSIG software.
Ecological attributes were determined using a quantitative analysis by the
point-centered quarter method; disturbance was estimated through site
indicators, and the conservation status of the Jatropha populations was
assessed using the Method for Evaluation of the Risk of Extinction of Plants in
Mexico (MER). Jatropha frequently dominated the physiognomy of plant
communities. The current distribution of Jatropha species in the Reserve was mainly
determined by elevation, temperature, and precipitation variables. The
confirmed species were Jatropha ciliata Sesse ex Cerv., Jatropha neopauciflora
Pax, Jatropha oaxacana J. Jimenez Ram. & R. Torres, Jatropha rufescens
Brandegee, and Jatropha rzedowskii J. Jimenez Ram., which are distributed in
four of the six defined ELU. J. neopauciflora and J. rzedowskii were the most
widespread species; this last species concur in four, J. oaxacana in two, while
J rufescens and J. ciliata in one ELU, being the most restricted. The richness
of the genera in the associated communities ranged from 16 to 42. The maximum
and minimum Importance Value Indexes were observed in San Nicolas Tepoxtitlan
for J. neopauciflora (53.75%) and J. rzedowskii (1.50%). The disturbance index
varied from 0.22 to 0.82, with an average of 0.51, where the livestock variable
had a high contribution. Considering the risk categories of MER, we concluded
that J. oaxacana requires special protection, and J. ciliata and J. rufescens
were species under extinction risk. The conservation status of the plant
communities inhabited by populations of Jatropha spp. was moderate, taking into
account the rate of disturbance. The main factors affecting the habitats of
Jatropha were livestock and human activities; the floristic composition of the
surrounding plant communities has low richness. These results support the
urgent need of conservation strategies to avoid the loss of important wild
growing species of Jatropha populations.
JARAMILLO VILLANUEVA, Jose Luis, VARGAS LOPEZ,
Samuel and GUERRERO RODRIGUEZ, Juan De Dios, 2015, Behavior of consumers and willingness to pay for
quality attributes of organic meat rabbit. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Pecuarias. Junio 2015. Vol. 6,
no. 2, p. 221–232.
Resumen: The demand
for meat products, particularly specialty value-added ones, is highly segmented
among different types of consumers. In this research, consumer preferences for
quality-related attributes (food safety, freshness, organic and price) for
rabbit meat were analyzed to discover their potential market niche. Using data
from households, obtained by personal interview with a randow sample of 197
people, was carried out a statistical descriptive and correlation analysis to
identify potentially explanatory variables of the consumer willingness to pay
(WTP) for the organic attribute. Preferences were measured using a five
categories Likert scale. The most favorite attributes, in order of importance,
were the organic, safety, freshness, and the price of meat. The “organic”
attribute is highly preferred by 64 % of the sample, followed by safety. The
reasons to prefer organic meat are health and social responsibility. The socio
demographics variables schooling, household income from, knowledge about
organic food, and the safety attribute were significant (P<0.05). This
reveals the importance of income level and formal education in the consumer’s
decision of paying a premium for the organic attribute. The price premium that
consumers would pay per kilogram of organic rabbit meat was 15 % of the average
price ($13.50 more per kilogram) charged to consumers.
LÓPEZ-UPTON, Javier, VALDEZ-LAZALDE, J. René,
VENTURA-RÍOS, Aracely, VARGAS-HERNÁNDEZ, J. Jesús and GUERRA-DE-LA-CRUZ, Vidal, 2015, Extinction Risk of Pseudotsuga Menziesii Populations
in the Central Region of Mexico: An AHP Analysis. Forests
Vol. 6, no. 5, p. 1598–1612. DOI http://dx.doi.org.mx/10.3390/f6051598.
Disponible en: http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/5/1598
Resumen: Within the
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework, a hierarchical model was created
considering anthropogenic, genetic and ecological criteria and sub-criteria
that directly affect Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)) risk of
extinction in central Mexico. The sub-criteria values were standardized,
weighted, and ordered by importance in a pairwise comparison matrix; the model
was mathematically integrated to quantify the degree of extinction risk for
each of the 29 populations present in the study area. The results indicate
diverse levels of risk for the populations, ranging from very low to very high.
Estanzuela, Presa Jaramillo, Peñas Cargadas and Plan del Baile populations have
very low risk, with values less than 0.25. On the other hand, Vicente Guerrero,
Morán, Minatitlán, La Garita and Tonalapa populations have very high risk
(>0.35) because they are heavily influenced by anthropogenic (close to
roads and towns), ecological (presence of exotic species and little or no
natural regeneration) and genetic (presence of mature to overmature trees and
geographic isolation) factors. In situ conservation activities, prioritizing
their implementation in populations at most risk is highly recommended; in
addition, germplasm collection for use of assisted gene flow and migration
approaches, including artificial reforestation, should be considered in these
locations.
ORDÓÑEZ-VALENCIA, Claudia, FERRERA-CERRATO,
Ronald, QUINTANAR-ZÚÑIGA, Rafael Emiliano, FLORES-ORTIZ, Cesar Mateo, MÁRQUEZ GUZMÁN,
Guadalupe Judith, ALARCÓN, Alejandro, LARSEN, John and GARCÍA-BARRADAS, Oscar, 2014, Morphological development of sclerotia by Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum: a view from light and scanning electron microscopy. Annals of
Microbiology Vol. 65, no. 2,
p. 765–770. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-014-0916-x
Resumen: Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum is a worldwide pathogen with a broad host spectrum pathogenic to
around 400 plant species. Sclerotia formed by S. sclerotiorum serve as resting
structures that secure fungal survival in soil for prolonged periods in the
absence of a host plant or may help to overcoming periods of unsuitable growth
conditions. In the present study, the morphological development of sclerotia
was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy of fungal microcultures.
Observations from microscopy indicated that, during the first 4 days of
culture, the sclerotial primordial originate by dichotomous branching of apical
hyphae and from the 5th day mycelial clusters were also observed, indicating
the initiation stage of sclerotia formation. From the 6th to the 8th day,
sclerotia turned from white to dark color, and water drops (exudates) were
observed on their surface. The process of sclerotia formation ended at the 9th
day when they were easy to detach from the culture medium and had a black
coloration. All the morphological processes involved in the formation of
sclerotia by S. sclerotiorum were observed with both light and scanning
electron microscopy.
PÉREZ-LUNA, Adriana Isabel, GUTIÉRREZ-ESPINOSA, María
Alejandra, ZAVALETA-MANCERA, Hilda Araceli, ROBLEDO-PAZ, Alejandrina and
MORA-AGUILERA, Gustavo, 2015, Respuesta histológica a inductores
de procesos morfogénicos en Citrus latifolia TAN. Interciencia Vol. 40, no. 5,
p. 343–349. Disponible en:
Resumen: En México la citricultura es afectada por
plagas y enfermedades, ocasionado daños en la producción. El mejoramiento genético
tradicional permitiría obtener materiales resistentes en cítricos;
sin embargo, es
necesario identificar germoplasma
con la resistencia
necesaria e identificar
el hibrido entre las varias plántulas nucelares que
emergen de la semilla. Una alternativa es el desarrollo de cítricos transgénicos
resistentes y para ello se requiere un protocolo eficiente de brotación
adventicia. En este trabajo se estudian los cambios celulares e histológicos
promovidos por precursores
de fitoreguladores y activadores
de división celular en segmentos internodales de limón persa (Citrus latifolia)
desde las primeras etapas de morfogénesis hasta la formación de brotes
adventicios. Explantes establecidos en
medio Murashige y
Skoog suplementado con adenina,
sulfato de adenina,
ácido-4-fluorofenoxiacético (4-FAA)
y triacontanol; fotoperiodo
con 16h luz
y 30 ± 2°C; fueron muestreados
para análisis histológico tomando explantes
a los 0
(testigo), 10, 20
y 30 días
después del establecimiento in vitro. El uso
de tales compuestos
modifica los tejidos del explante. En todos los
tratamientos hubo formación de callo parenquimatoso proveniente de divisiones
del cambium vascular. Los explantes cultivados en medio con 4-FAA produjeron un
callo más pronunciado, con meristemoides formados por células pequeñas con núcleos
prominentes y citoplasma denso, con distribución aleatoria. Estos meristemoides
son potenciales formadores de brotes adventicios con citocininas y adeninas,
respuesta que requiere mayor investigación. Se reporta por primera vez
una respuesta morfogénica
en limón persa promovida por
4-FAA y adenina, compuestos poco utilizados para la inducción de brotes
adventicios en Citrus spp.
RODRÍGUEZ-BLANCO, M. L., TABOADA-CASTRO, M. M.,
TABOADA-CASTRO, M. T. and OROPEZA-MOTA, J. L., 2015, Relating nitrogen export patterns from a mixed land
use catchment in NW Spain with rainfall and streamflow. Hydrological
Processes. Vol. 29, no. 12, p. 2720–2730. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10388.
The temporal
variability in nitrogen (N) transport in the Corbeira agroforestry catchment
(NW Spain) was analysed from October 2004 to September 2008. Nitrate (NO3–N)
and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) loads and concentrations were determined at
various timescales (annual, seasonal and event). The results revealed a strong
intra-annual and inter-annual variability in N transport influenced by weather
patterns and consequently by the hydrological regime. Mean annual export of
total N in the catchment was 5.5 kg ha−1 year−1, with NO3–N being the dominant
form. Runoff events comprised 10% of the study period but contributed 40 and
61% of the total NO3–N and TKN loads, respectively. The NO3–N and TKN
concentrations were higher during runoff events than under baseflow conditions,
pointing to diffuse sources of N. The mobilization of TKN during runoff events
was attributed to surface runoff, while NO3–N might be related to subsurface
and groundwater flow. Runoff events were characterized by high variability in N
loads and concentrations. Higher variability was observed in N loads than in N
concentrations, indicating that event magnitude plays an important role in N
transport in this catchment; event magnitude explained approximately 96% of the
NO3–N load. However, a combination of variables related to runoff event
intensity (rainfall, discharge increase and kinetic energy) explained only 66%
of the TKN load. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STAMATIU-SÁNCHEZ, Katina, ALARCÓN, Alejandro,
FERRERA-CERRATO, Ronald, NAVA-DÍAZ, Cristian, SÁNCHEZ-ESCUDERO, Julio,
CRUZ-SÁNCHEZ, Jesús Samuel and CASTILLO, María del Pilar, 2015, Tolerancia
de hongos filamentosos a endosulfán, clorpirifós y clorotalonil en condiciones
in vitro. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental. Vol. 31, no. 1,
p. 23–37.
Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0188-49992015000100002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Resumen: Los plaguicidas endosulfán (EN), clorpirifós
(CRP) y clorotalonil (CTL) están catalogados como carcinógenos y persistentes
en el ambiente, por lo que deben tomarse medidas eficientes de biorremediación
para su degradación. Los hongos Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC), Trametes
versicolor (TV) y algunas especies de Trichoderma (TRI), Mucor, Fusarium y
Penicillium pueden degradar plaguicidas. En la presente investigación se
aislaron y purificaron siete cepas de hongos a partir de suelo agrícola, paja
molida de trigo y trozos de paja de trigo. Las siete cepas fúngicas aisladas y
tres cepas de referencia (PC, TV y TRl) se colocaron por triplicado, en cajas
de Petri con un medio mínimo mineral contaminado con dosis crecientes de EN,
CRP y CTL durante 18 días. Diariamente se midió el desarrollo micelial (DM) y
se calculó el porcentaje de inhibición del desarrollo (PID). Los tres
plaguicidas tuvieron un efecto adverso sobre el DM, en el que se observó una
recuperación paulatina después de 72 h ante EN y CRP, mientras que CTL inhibió
significativamente (P < 0.0001) el DM de la mayoría de las cepas durante los
18 días. En presencia de EN, las cepas K14S, PC, TV y TRI se recuperaron
totalmente a los 18 días. Ante CRP, todas las cepas mostraron recuperación del
DM desde el día 10. El fungicida (CTL) mostró los mayores PID, pero las cepas
K8S, K14S, K11TP, PC y TV mostraron recuperación. Los aislamientos K12P, K8S,
K14S, K11TP y las cepas de referencia PC, TV y TRI presentaron tolerancia a los
plaguicidas en estudio por lo que pudieran ser consideradas para la
biorremediación de plaguicidas.
TOLENTINO-CASTRO, Cristina, MIRANDA-JIMENEZ, Leonor,
QUERO-CARRILLO, Adrian R. and PESCADOR-SALAS, Nazario, 2015, FREQUENCY,
MORPHOLOGY, AND in vitro PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION OF EWES CAVITARY CORPUS
LUTEUM. Agrociencia Vol. 49, no. 3, p. 267–275. PDF: http://www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2015/abr-may/art-3.pdf
Resumen: The corpus
luteum (CL) may develop as a compact or cavitary structure. But it is unknown
whether the morphophysiological characteristics of compact corpora lutea
(CLsCom) differ from that of cavitary corpora lutea (CLsCav), neither if these
characteristics are determined by type, wool producing ewes (oveja de lana -
OL) versus hair ewe (oveja de pelo - OP). Therefore, in our study ovaries were
collected from sacrificed ewes and 81 corpora lutea were obtained from OL and
81 from OP. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2x2
factorial arrangement of treatments. The variables evaluated were frequency,
macroscopic and microscopic morphology, and production of progesterone (P4) in
vitro, in 0.1 g luteum tissue, with or without addition of 350 IU of eCG. The
frequency of CIsCav was higher (p <= 0.05) in OP (50.6 %) than in OL (35.8
%). The CLsCav were smaller (p <= 0.05) than the CLsCom. The P4
concentration in CLsCav and CLsCom of both types, with or without eCG, was
similar (p>0.05) throughout culturing. The CIsCav from OP had fewer cells
per visual field (19) and were larger (25 mu m) than CLsCom cells (25.6 and 15
mu m; p <= 0.05). Hair ewes had a higher percentage of CLsCav than wool
ewes. The CLsCav were smaller than the CLCom and in vitro progesterone
production of the two types of CL was similar.
VALLEJO-PÉREZ, Moisés Roberto, TÉLIZ-ORTIZ,
Daniel, COLINAS-LEÓN, María T., TORRE-ALMARAZ, Rodolfo De La, VALDOVINOS-PONCE,
Guadalupe, NIETO-ÁNGEL, Daniel and OCHOA-MARTÍNEZ, Daniel L., 2015, Alterations induced by Avocado sunblotch viroid in the
postharvest physiology and quality of avocado “Hass” fruit. Phytoparasitica
Vol. 43, no. 3, p. 355–364. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12600-015-0469-y.
Resumen: Avocado
sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) is an economically important pathogen that reduces the
yield and quality standards of infected avocado trees. There are no reports on
the effects of the viroid in the postharvest quality of avocado fruits. The
present study has focused on three phenotypic classes: asymptomatic fruits
harvested from vigorous trees (AF-V), asymptomatic fruits harvested from trees
of regular vigor (AF-R) and symptomatic fruits harvested from trees expressing
the disease (SF-S). The water loss was similar in the three fruit classes. The
abnormal firmness condition, skin color and size reduction occurred only in
SF-S fruits, which did not ripe uniformly due to reduced CO2 and ethylene
production. The proximal analyses showed no significant differences in the
variables analyzed, except for the lipid content and dry matter, which was
lower in SF-S and AF-R fruits. ASBVd affects physiology and postharvest quality
of symptomatic avocado fruits. In contrast, the ripening process of AF-V and
AF-R fruits was normal and their physical characteristics and nutrient input
were not altered, therefore, these fruits were classified as Supreme Quality,
Extra Size (221-265 g) and Premium (172-210 g) according to the
NMX-FF-016-SCFI-2006 standards.
Parte II. DOCUMENTOS INDIZADOS EN SCOPUS
ASCENCIO-ÁLVAREZ, A., MARTÍN-MEX, R., TUCUCH-HAAS, J.I., VALDEZ-CARRASCO,
J., HUCHIN-POOT, E.G., ANDRADE-CANTO, S.B., GÁMEZ-VÁZQUEZ, A.J. and
LARQUÉ-SAAVEDRA, A., 2015, Gall (Trioza rusellae Tuthill)
insect identification in Brosimum alicastrum Swartz leaves in Yucatán, Mexico. Revista Chapingo, Serie Ciencias
Forestales y del Ambiente. 2015. Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 123–132. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2014.08.032.
Resumen: The insect Trioza
rusellae Tuthill (Hemiptera-Triozidae) produces galls on the leaves of the
Ramon (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) tree, species with high nutritional value of
the Peninsula of Yucatan. The insect was isolated and identified from
collections in the municipalities of Muna and Sacalum, Yucatán. Five to 10
years old trees were sampled selecting branches with leaves showing galls. The
samples were placed in plastic bags and taken to the laboratory, and placed in
entomological cages. Adult insects were collected using a manual vacuum, while
galls were dissected to collect the nymphs directly with a brush (0001). The
samples were preserved in alcohol (70 %) and in fixative formalin-alcohol-water
(FAW). Nymphs and adult insects from the alcohol samples were mounted and
observed on a stereoscopic microscope. The samples in FAW were processed and
observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, photographs
were obtained and development phases of T. rusellae were identified by
entomological keys.
AVENDAÑO-GÓMEZ, A., LIRA-SAADE, R.,
MADRIGAL-CALLE, B., GARCÍA-MOYA, E., SOTO-HERNÁNDEZ, M. and ROMO DE VIVAR-ROMO,
A., 2015, Management
and domestication syndromes of capulin (Prunus serotina Ehrh ssp. capuli (Cav.)
Mc Vaugh) in communities of the state of Tlaxcala. Agrociencia.
2015. Vol. 49, no. 2,
p. 189–204.
Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30236851007
Resumen: There are
5000 to 7000 species of plants in Mexico that are domesticated or in some
previous stage of evolution. One example is the “capulín” Prunus serotina Ehrh
ssp. capuli (Cav.) Mc Vaugh (wild black cherry, mountain black cherry or rum
cherry). The capulín has been classified as domesticated, but there are no
studies on the mechanisms of selection and intervention that have led to this
degree of management. The objective of this study was to describe
ethnobotanical aspects related to use, recognition of variation and management
to evaluate the effect of these processes on this black cherry. The study was
conducted in four communities of the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, where
consumption of capulín seed is documented. Field information was obtained
through open and closed interviews and participative observation in 1998, 1999
and 2006-2007. Besides, variation in 32 morphological traits, seed weight and
cyanogenic glycoside contents in the seed were measured. The data were analyzed
with an ANOVA, principal components analysis and discriminant functions. The
results show 1) the uses of the capulín are mainly consumption of the seed and
the integration of the fruit tree in agricultural systems such as
“metepantles”, home gardens and rainfed plots; 2) associated cultural aspects
of recognition of seed, tree and fruit variation, as well as the description of
the different forms of management and promotion or toleration; 3) a likely
domestication process via seed, observed in the significant differences in the
characteristics of this structure and in the diverse forms of management:
cultivation, promotion and tolerance. The cultivated individuals have larger
round seeds with a thicker endocarp, which facilitates the extraction of the
edible embryo and a non-significant decrease in cyanogenic glycosides. Finally,
the process of domestication was evidenced in its importance for the
communities and their organization for exploitation of capulín in that region.
BARRALES-LÓPEZ, A., ROBLEDO-PAZ, A., TREJO, C.,
ESPITIA-RANGEL, E. and RODRÍGUEZ-DE LA O, J.L., 2015, Improved in vitro rooting and
acclimatization of Capsicum chinense Jacq. plantlets. In
Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant. 2015. Vol. 51,
no. 3, p. 274–283. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-015-9671-3.
Resumen: In
vitro conditions such as low light intensity, the levels of sucrose and other
nutrients, and high relative humidity may cause anatomical and physiological
changes that have negative effects on acclimatization of regenerated plants.
The management of these conditions during in vitro culture could improve the
plant ex vitro performance. The influences of light intensity, sucrose
concentration, the nutritional composition of the culture medium, and culture
container size on in vitro rooting and acclimatization were evaluated in
Capsicum chinense cv. Naranja plants. The size of the culture container vessel
did not affect plant growth. The best responses of the growth variables tested
(plant height, number of leaves, number of roots, dry weight, and osmotic potential)
and of survival and rooting were obtained with a photosynthetic photon flux
density (PPFD) of 28 μmol m−2 s−1 and H medium with sucrose
supplementation at either 1.5% or 3% (w/v). The combination of a PPFD of
28 μmol m−2 s−1 and H medium with 1.5% sucrose can be used for
successful rooting of C. chinense adventitious shoots, to enhance the
performance of the plantlets in the greenhouse or field and to reduce
production costs. The factors studied during in vitro culture significantly
influenced ex vitro growth. © 2015, The Society for In Vitro Biology.
BAUTISTA-MARTÍNEZ, N., LÓPEZ-BAUTISTA, E. and
MADRIZ, H.V., 2015, Percentage Damage to Tomatillo Crops by Heliothis subflexa (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) at Various Altitudes. Florida Entomologist. 2015. Vol. 98, no. 2, p. 790–791. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0261.
Resumen: Heliothis
subflexa (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a monophagous insect specialized
in feeding on fruits of the genus Physalis (Solanales: Solanaceae). In Mexico
this fruitworm is present in all producing tomatillo areas but at very
different levels of infestation. The present study aimed to provide data on the
damage percentages caused by H. subflexa along an altitudinal transect ranging
from 660 to 2,300 m asl. Evaluations were carried out biweekly on 8 plantations
located at various altitudes (m asl) at various locations in the state of
Morelos. By random sampling of tomatillo fruits in 5 locations per plot, the
percentage of damage was estimated. The results obtained indicate that this
species is very damaging at all altitudes in the range of 660 to 1,320 m asl,
whereas at altitudes progressively higher than 1,320 m asl, populations become
progressively less dense and progressively less damaging, so that at the higher
altitudes the pest is not considered to be a phytosanitary problem.
BELTRÁN-RODRÍGUEZ, L., ROMERO-MANZANARES, A.,
LUNA-CAVAZOS, M., VIBRANS, H., MANZO-RAMOS, F., CUEVAS-SÁNCHEZ, J. and
GARCÍA-MOYA, E., 2015, Natural history and bark harvesting of the quina amarilla: Hintonia
latiflora (Rubiaceae). Botanical Sciences. 2015. Vol. 93, no. 2, p. 38–126. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.231
Resumen: Hintonia latiflora (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Bullock, the
“quina amarilla”, is an American tree of the tropical deciduous forest which is
valuable because its bark has medicinal properties. The main area supplying the
commercial quina amarilla is the northern of Guerrero state, Mexico. This
contribution reports bibliographic information pertaining to the natural
history and harvesting in its whole distribution area. Also, it includes field
data on the habitat, density, phenology, dispersal, architecture, harvest
intensity, and commercialization in some populations from the upper Rio Balsas
Basin. The results shows biophysical factors that are important for growth,
establishment, and survival of the species. Phenology consists of flowering in
spring-summer, foliation in summer, fruiting in late summer, and dispersal in
winter. The dispersal is anemocorous and barocorous. Tree architecture is
related to environmental factors and to bark harvesting. Density and
availability of the species changes with site characteristics and the intensity
of the harvesting. The commercialization involves three actors: gatherers,
local middlemen, and regional traders. The historical prices of the bark to the
consumers have increased, but considering inflation, really have decreased. The
major threat to the populations of H. latiflora is harvesting intensity and
careless practice of harvesting.
BENÍTEZ-PARDO, D., FLORES-VERDUGO, F.J.,
CASAS-VALDEZ, M., HERNÁNDEZ-CARMONA, G., VALDEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, J.I. and
GÓMEZ-MUÑOZ, V., 2015, Forestation of dredging islets using two species of mangroves in a coastal
lagoon of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Botanical Sciences.
2015. Vol. 93, no. 1, p. 165–174.
Resumen: The purpose
of this study is on digging islands created with dredge material. A nursery
station was generated in order to produce propagules of Avicennia germinans and
Rhizophora mangle. Tide amplitude, low energy zones, salinity, and mangrove
zonation were considered for propagules recruitment within random experimental
quadrants on the islands. Survival rates of A. germinans were 78% and 72% for
plants with container and without container, respectively. Rhizophora mangle
showed a 43% and 34% for the same parameters. Plants extracted from their
natural environment presented a survival rate of 34[%] for A. germinans, and 21%
for R. mangle. Avicennia germinans growth from nursery station presented 3.2
cm/month, while plants from their natural environment 1.5 cm/month. Rhizophora
mangle showed 1.4 cm/month in comparison with natural environment with 0.8
cm/month. Results showed a higher growth and survival rate of plants from
nursery station compared to plants from the natural environment. There was no
natural recruitment during the study; therefore, nursery station mangrove
plants should be used in artificial islands considering tide amplitude, natural
zonation, low energy zones, and the hydroperiod. © 2015, Sociedad Botanica de
Mexico, A.C. All rights reserved.
CANO-VÁZQUEZ, A., LÓPEZ-PERALTA, Ma. C.,
ZAVALETA-MANCERA, H.A., CRUZ-HUERTA, N., RAMÍREZ-RAMÍREZ, I., GARDEA-BÉJAR, A.
and GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, V.A.,
2015, Variation in
degrees of seed dormancy among collections of chile piquin (Capsicum annuum
var. Glabriusculum). Botanical Sciences. 2015. Vol. 93,
no. 1, p. 175–184.
Chile piquin
(Capsicum annuum cv. glabriusculum) consumed in México is usually harvested
from wild grown plants. This activity might threaten the genetic diversity in
this species. However, chile piquin germination has traditionally been
difficult for intensive greenhouse sowing. The causes for such behavior are unknown.
Accessions from seven production zones in the country and Southern USA were
collected, and studied. Morphological studies determined there are no
significant morphological differences or barriers among accessions that might
prevent seed germination. An imbibition kinetic study showed no limitations for
water penetration into seed tissues. Yet the seed germination rate varied among
the 16 accessions (0 to 66%) with an average of 15%. Seed conditioning with AG3
at 5,000 ppm increased mean germination rate to 59% in 14 out of 16 accessions.
Hydrogen peroxide and potassium nitrate did not increase germination rates of
viable seeds, except on two and four accessions, respectively. This work
corroborates that chile piquin seed germination is restricted by physiological
dormancy that giberellic acid pre-conditioning can overcome with varying
degrees among accessions. © 2015, Sociedad Botanica de Mexico, A.C. All rights
reserved.
CASTAÑEDA-IBÁÑEZ, C.R., MARTÍNEZ-MENES, M.,
PASCUAL-RAMÍREZ, F., FLORES-MAGDALENO, H., FERNÁNDEZ-REYNOSO, D.S. and
ESPARZA-GOVEA, S., 2015, Estimation of crop coefficients through remote sensing
in the Río Yaqui Irrigation District, Sonora, México. Agrociencia. 2015. Vol. 49, no. 2,
p. 221–232.
Resumen: Traditional
estimations of evapotranspiration (ET) are based on the crop coefficient (Kc).
This can be disadvantageous when precise estimations of crop water uptake are
required in the Irrigation Districts. Using satellite images, it is possible to
estimate vegetation indexes (VI), such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). These indexes
enable monitoring crop development and estimating precisely spatial and
temporal Kc variability. The objective of this study was to validate the use of
VI to estimate Kc and ET of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Río Yaqui
Irrigation District, Sonora, Mexico. Validation was carried out with eight
images from the sensors TM and ETM+ of the LANDSAT 5 and 7 satellites and
measurements of turbulent flux with the Eddy Covariance (EC) technique for the
year 2008. ET estimated from VI and measurement with EC showed a high degree of
correspondence. For the eight images, the square root of the Root Mean Square
Error (RMSE) was 0.69 mm d-1, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) 0.62 mm
d-1, the index of agreement (d) 0.91 for NDVI and RMSE of 0.64 mm d-1,
MAE of 0.57 and an index of agreement of 0.92 for SAVI in daily estimations. It
is thus concluded that VI allow to estimate spatial and temporal variability of
the Kc and ETwith precision in extensive agricultural regions.
CHÁVEZ-VERGARA, B.M., GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, A.,
ETCHEVERS, J.D., OYAMA, K. y GARCÍA-OLIVA, F. 2015. Foliar
nutrient resorption constrains soil nutrient transformations under two native
oak species in a temperate deciduous forest in Mexico. European
Journal of Forest Research, pp. 1-15. ISSN 1612-4669, 1612-4677. DOI 10.1007/s10342-015-0891-1
Resumen: Foliar
nutrient resorption (FNR) is a key process in the dynamics of nutrients in a
forest ecosystem. Along with other factors, FNR regulates the chemical
composition of the forest floor and, consequently, the rates of organic matter
decomposition and soil nutrient availability. The main objective of the present
study was to examine the effect of FNR of two deciduous oak species (Quercus
castanea and Q. deserticola) in the litter and soil nutrient dynamics, in
addition to analyze whether the interaction between two species was positive
(synergistic) or negative (antagonistic) through the mixed litter from two
species. For this purpose, the nutrient concentration of green leaves,
litterfall, litter and soil was measured, as well as soil microbial activity.
These measurements were taken in isolated stands with the presence of one of
the oak species and stands with the two oak species mixed. Quercus deserticola,
with lower FNR, produced litter with a higher N concentration, which apparently
enhancing microbial activity in the forest floor litter and increased nutrient
transformations and soil fertility. In contrast, Q. castanea has a higher FNR
and produced litter with a lower nutrient concentration. The microbial soil
community associated with Q. castanea must therefore invest more energy in
metabolic processes at the expense of biomass growth. However, forest floor
nutrient transformations were more intense and soil fertility increased in
areas where both species intermix; in this case, the latter species received
the rich-nutrient litterfall of Q. deserticola. These results suggest a strong
footprint of species traits on microbial activities and soil nutrient
transformations. © 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
CUEVAS-CRUZ, J.-C., JIMÉNEZ-CASAS, M.,
JASSO-MATA, J., PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ, P., LÓPEZ-UPTÓN, J. and VILLEGAS-MONTER, A., 2015, Asexual propagation of Pinus
leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. Revista Chapingo, Serie Ciencias
Forestales y del Ambiente. 2015. Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 81–95. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2014.08.033.
Resumen: The effect
of substrate, type of cutting and indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration on
the rooting of Pinus leiophylla cuttings was evaluated with the goal of
multiplying progenies of half-sib families of this species, which have showed
superior growth and positive response against Toumeyella pinicola attack. Two
types of substrates (100 % perlite vs. a mix of peat, perlite, vermiculite at a
ratio of 1:1:1), two types of cuttings (apical vs. basal) and two
concentrations of IBA (0 vs. 10,000 ppm) were used. Probability and percentage
of rooting, growth of cuttings and characteristics of the roots were evaluated.
Results indicate that using basal cuttings is 3.5 times more likely to induce
rooting of P. leiophylla than using apical cuttings. The treatment consisting
of the mixture of peatperlite- vermiculite, a basal cutting and 10,000 ppm of
IBA produced 45.3 % rooting (highest percentage), while the control only
yielded 8.6 % rooting (perlite, basal cutting and without IBA). Interactions
with the type of substrate showed significant differences (P = 0.05) in the
growth of the cuttings. The use of perlite and application of IBA promoted a
greater number of roots, particularly in the basal cuttings of P. leiophylla.
CUEVAS, J., PÉREZ-ELIZALDE, S., SOBERANIS, V.,
PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ, P., GIANOLA, D. and CROSSA, J., 2014, Bayesian genomic-enabled
prediction as an inverse problem. G3 (Bethesda, Md.).
2014. Vol. 4, no. 10, p. 1991–2001. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.114.013094.
Resumen: Genomic-enabled
prediction in plant and animal breeding has become an active area of research.
Many prediction models address the collinearity that arises when the number (p)
of molecular markers (e.g. single-nucleotide polymorphisms) is larger than the
sample size (n). Here we propose four Bayesian approaches to the problem based
on commonly used data reduction methods. Specifically, we use a Gaussian linear
model for an orthogonal transformation of both the observed data and the matrix
of molecular markers. Because shrinkage of estimates is affected by the prior
variance of transformed effects, we propose four structures of the prior
variance as a way of potentially increasing the prediction accuracy of the
models fitted. To evaluate our methods, maize and wheat data previously used
with standard Bayesian regression models were employed for measuring prediction
accuracy using the proposed models. Results indicate that, for the maize and
wheat data sets, our Bayesian models yielded, on average, a prediction accuracy
that is 3% greater than that of standard Bayesian regression models, with less
computational effort. Copyright © 2014 Cuevas et al.
DOMINGUEZ, P.A., PRO-MARTINEZ, A.,
NARCISO-GAYTÁN, C., HERNÁNDEZ-CÁZARES, A., SOSA-MONTES, E., PEREZ-HERNANDEZ,
P., CALDWELL, D. and RUIZ-FERIA, C.A., 2015, Concurrent supplementation of
arginine and antioxidant vitamins e and c reduces oxidative stress in broiler
chickens after a challenge with eimeria spp. Canadian Journal of Animal
Science. 2015. Vol. 95, no. 2, p. 143–153. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/CJAS-2014-083.
Resumen: Oxidation is
a major problem associated with pathogen damage in animals. One-day-old
mixed-sex broiler chicks (Cobb 500; n=624) were randomly assigned to one of six
treatments: a basal diet [CTL; 40 mg of vitamin E (VE) kg-1 of feed and 1.5%
Arginine (Arg)] or the basal diet plus Arg (ARG; 0.3%), Arg+VE (AVE; 0.3% and
40 mg kg-1 respectively), Arg+vitamin C (VC) (AVC; 0.3% and 1 g kg-1
respectively), VE+VC (VEC; 40 mg+1 g kg-1 respectively), or Arg+VE+VC (AVEC;
0.3%+40 mg+1 g kg-1 respectively). At day 14, all birds were orally challenged
with 100 ´ the normal dose of Advent® coccidiosis vaccine (450 000 oocysts).
Intestinal lesion scores (LS) in duodenum, jejunum and ceca were recorded,
along with relative immune system organ weights at day 23. Plasma samples were
taken before (2 h) and after challenge (12, 24 and 48 h) to determine
malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase activity
(GPx). Birds fed the VEC diet were heavier at 7 d (P<0.05) than birds fed
the AVE diet. CTL birds had heavier (P<0.05) bursas than AVC birds; no
differences among treatments for spleen and thymus were found. The jejunum LS
was lower in the AVC and VEC birds than in CTL birds, whereas ceca LS was
highest in AVE birds, and the duodenum LS was not affected by treatment. Birds
fed the AVEC diet had the lowest MDA levels before challenge, but higher levels
of MDA than birds fed the CTL, ARG or AVE 12 h after challenge. Before
challenge ARG birds had higher (P<0.05) NO levels than AVEC-fed birds, but
12 h after challenge birds fed the CTL, ARG or AVE diet had lower NO levels
than birds fed the AVC, VEC or AVEC diet. Before challenge AVEC-fed birds had
higher (P<0.001) GPx activity than CTL, ARG and AVE birds, but after 12, 24 and
48 h VEC birds showed higher GPx activity than CTL, ARG-and AVE-fed birds.
Although Arg, VE and VC, modulated oxidative stress during coccidiosis
challenge, the effects were not sufficient to affect performance relative to
the control diet.
ENRÍQUEZ-VARA, J.N., GUZMÁN-FRANCO, A.W.,
ALATORRE-ROSAS, R., GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, H., CÓRDOBA-AGUILAR, A. and
CONTRERAS-GARDUÑO, J., 2014, Immune response of phyllophaga polyphylla larvae is
not an effective barrier against metarhizium pingshaense. Invertebrate
Survival Journal. 2014. Vol. 11, p. 240–246.
Disponible
en: http://www.frontiersin.org/profile/publications/41585187
Resumen: Previous
research has uncovered that the cuticle of P. polyphylla larvae acts as a good
non-immunological barrier against M. pingshaense. In the present study we
investigated whether P. polyphylla larvae also show a similarly robust
immunological response against M. pingshaense. Firstly, we estimated a median lethal
dose (LD50) of blastospores to be injected into the hemocoel. Secondly, we
injected the estimated LD50 of blastospores into the hemocoel of larvae to
quantify phenoloxidase (PO), nitric oxide (NO) and antimicrobial activity as a
response against fungal invasion. In contrast to a previous report that showed
that M. pingshaense is unable to kill P. polyphylla after topical applications,
here we demonstrate that: (a) 100 % of P. polyphylla larvae died when
blastospores were injected into the hemocoel and (b) when injecting the LD50
into the hemocoel of the larvae, immune response did not differ with control.
Our results imply that immunological responses do not protect P. polyphylla
larvae against M. pingshaense infections. Thus, the cuticle seems a better
defense mechanism compared to PO, NO and antimicrobial activity. One proximate
explanation for our results is that blastospores are not detected by the host’s
immune machinery. An ultimate explanation is that there may be a resource-based
tradeoff between non-immunological and immunological barriers, in which white
grubs may be investing more in cuticle at the cost of PO, NO and antimicrobial
activity.
ESPINOSA-PÉREZ, E.N., RAMÍREZ-VALLEJO, P.,
MAGDALENA CROSBY-GALVÁN, M., ARTURO ESTRADA-GÓMEZ, J., LUCAS-FLORENTINO, B. and
CHÁVEZ-SERVIA, J.L., 2015, Classification of common dry bean landraces from the
south-center of México by seed morphology. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana. 2015. Vol. 38, no. 1,
p. 29–38. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-73802015000100005&lng=en&nrm=iso
Resumen: Seed
morphology of 75 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) populations from
indeterminate habit (type IV) were evaluated. Seeds were collected in the
States of México, Morelos, Oaxaca, Guerrero and Tlaxcala. Data of geographic
zone, farmer’ name, locality, municipality, state, agronomical and seed
management techniques, were gathered at collect time. Descriptive and
classificatory analysis of principal components and hierarchical clustering
based on Euclidian distances were undertaken using seed traits, in order to
determine the relationships among populations. There were 13 groups of color
and locales names used by farmers to distinguish the bean populations, where
the most frequent classes were amarillo, ensaladilla, rojo, negro and vaquita.
Length, wide, weight and volume of seeds and specific weight were the major
discriminative variables with respect to the total variation, according to the
principal components analysis. Seven phenotypic groups were determined by
cluster analysis: two population groups came from Estado de México, one of big
seed size and other medium one. Two groups of small seed were collected in
Guerrero and Oaxaca; and three group complexes, the first included populations
of Tlaxcala and Oaxaca, other integrated with populations from Oaxaca and
Guerrero, and the third one grouped populations of Oaxaca, Guerrero, Estado de
México, Morelos and Tlaxcala. Therefore, the seed traits supported the
description and classification of the phenotypic diversity of common dry bean
from the south-center of México.
GARCÍA-LEÓN, E., LEYVA-MIR, S.G.,
VILLASEÑOR-MIR, H.E., RODRÍGUEZ-GARCÍA, M.F. and TOVAR-PEDRAZA, J.M., 2015, Diversity and incidence of
fungus associated to foliar diseases of oat (Avena sativa L.) in the highlands
of Mexico. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. 2015. Vol. 41, no. 1, p. 53–56. Disponible
en: http://ria.inta.gov.ar/?p=7172
Resumen: The aim of
this study was to determine the fungal species associated to foliar diseases on
oat in the highlands of Mexico. During spring-fall seasons 2009 and 2010, a
total of 815 samples of oat plants exhibiting foliar diseases were collected
from 163 different oat fields. Fungal identification was based on morphological
characteristics. Six different pathogenic fungal species were identified:
Colletotrichum graminicola, Curvularia hawaiiensis, Drechslera avenacea,
Passalora graminis, Puccina coronata, Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae. Whereas,
that the saprophytic and weakly pathogenic fungi founded were: Alternaria
triticicola, A. triticina, A. uredinis, Curvularia protuberata y Pleospora sp.
The species P. graminis f. sp. avenae (73%), P. coronata (61%) and D. avenacea
(19%) were the pathogenic fungi most frequently founded.
GÓMEZ-ESPEJO, A.L., MOLINA-GALÁN, J.D., JESÚS
GARCÍA-ZAVALA, J., DEL CARMEN MENDOZA-CASTILLO, M. and DE-LA-ROSA-LOERA, A., 2015, Original and adapted populations
of maize. I: Local temperate varieties × tropical varieties. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana.
2015. Vol. 38, no. 1, p. 57–66.
Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-73802015000100008&lng=en&nrm=iso
Resumen: In México,
few maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs have adapted and incorporated exotic
germplasm to increase the genetic base of their materials and to incorporate
favorable genes. In this paper we considered grain yield as an indicator of
genotypic adaptation to the central highlands of México, and it is proposed
that genes for adaptation increase their frequencies by selection and are
dominant over the genes that cause inability to adapt. Eight parents and 15 of
their 28 F1 crosses were evaluated. From these 15 crosses, 12 were generated
from the mating among one variety of Chalqueño race (original and improved
versions) with three original exotic varieties and with three selected
(adapted) exotic varieties of the tropical landraces Tabloncillo, Tepecintle
and Comiteco; and three of the crosses resulted from the mating between the
original and the selected (adapted) exotic landraces. Thus, the crosses
evaluated were of three types: local original variety by original and adapted
exotic varieties, improved local variety by original and adapted exotic
varieties, and original exotic variety by its adapted version. Grain yield,
plant height and days to male flowering were recorded. The adapted exotic
populations generally surpassed their original versions in grain yield; and
they also matured earlier and formed higher plants. Most contrasts for grain
yield among the crosses were significant and had values in favor of the adapted
exotic populations. These results support our assumption that F1 crosses have a
higher frequency of favorable genes from the adapted parent, and those genes
dominate over the genes from the original parent. Crosses between varieties of
Chalqueño with Tepecintle landraces showed the higher heterosis, thus showing a
new heterotic pattern.
HERNÁNDEZ-RAMOS, L., SANDOVAL-ISLAS, J.S.,
MAHUKU, G., BENÍTEZ-RIQUELME, I. and CRUZ-IZQUIERDO, S., 2015, Genetics of resistance to tar
spot complex in 18 tropical maize genotypes. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana. 2015. Vol. 38, no. 1,
p. 39–47.
Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-73802015000100006&lng=en&nrm=iso
Resumen: Tar spot
complex (TSC) of maize (Zea mays L.), caused by the fungi Phyllachora maydis
Maubl, and Monographella maydis Müller & Samuels, is a disease of economic
importance, as it causes severe losses in yield and forage quality. Genetic
improvement of host resistance through the generation of resistant genotypes is
the most efficient strategy for managing disease. Little is known about the
genetic basis of maize resistance to TSC, therefore general combining ability
(GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of 18 inbred lines S7 was determined
by the Model I of fixed frequency defined by Griffing, under Method II which
included 18 lines plus all its 153 possible single crosses. The experimental
was laid out as a randomized complete block design and conducted in 4 different
environments in the States of Veracruz, Guerrero, Puebla and Oaxaca. Both GCA
and SCA were significant (P < 0.01), indicating that both additive and
dominant gene effects are important in determining resistance to TSC. However,
the GCA was 45 times larger than the SCA, indicating that additive gene effects
are most important in TSC resistance and that different non-allelic genes may
be involved in conditioning resistance to TSC in maize. It is therefore
possible to pyramid or stack different resistance genes in the same background
by breeding methods. The most resistant hybrids were derived from two lines
with high negative GCA and SCA. The best lines to produce highly resistant
hybrids were CML-329, CLRCW-105-B and [M37W/ZM607], which had the best negative
GCA effects. Recurrent selection may be the most useful method of improving to
accumulate and increase levels of TSC resistance in synthetic or composite
populations. Dominance effects were the most important in some crosses.
JAIMEZ-RUIZ, I.A., OTERO-COLINA, G.,
VALDOVINOS-PONCE, G., VILLANUEVA-JIMÉNEZ, J.A. and VERA-GRAZIANO, J., 2015, Population Growth and Characterization
of Plant Injuries of Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on
Rice. Neotropical
Entomology. 2015.
Vol. 44, no. 3, p. 294–300. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-015-0284-7.
Resumen: Rice is
attacked by Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley, a mite that has dispersed
throughout many countries causing important loss on rice production. Rice
plants of the variety Morelos A-92 were infested with S. spinki, and its
population growth was estimated along plant development. Further, the
morphological and histological injuries associated to the mite attack were
characterized. The highest infestation level was obtained 13 weeks after
plant infestation, with an average of 58.5 mites per plant, predominantly
females. Morphological injuries were categorized from level 0 (no injuries from
uninfested plants) to level 3, characterized by the highest injuries
represented by blotches on the adaxial epidermis of the leaf sheath and on
panicles and grains. Plants ranked within levels 0, 1, and 2 for morphological
injury did not exhibit clear histological injuries, while those at level 3
exhibited histological injury characterized by destruction of cells of the
adaxial epidermis, disorder, color change, and hypertrophy in the mesophyll
cells, as well as color change in the abaxial epidermis. Thus, it presented a
significant correlation between morphological injuries and mite density level,
which can be further adopted to help the control decision-making process for
this mite on rice.
JIMÉNEZ-NORIEGA, M.S., TERRAZAS, T. and LÓPEZ-MATA,
L., 2015, Variación
morfo-anatómica de Ribes ciliatum a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en el
norte de la Sierra Nevada, México. Botanical Sciences. 2015. Vol. 93,
no. 1, p. 23–32. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.131.
Resumen: The species
distribution along altitudinal gradients is associated with climate changes,
promoting changes in the morphology and anatomy of the species. In this study,
the morpho-anatomical changes of leaf and wood of Ribes ciliatum
(Grossulariaceae) were evaluated along an altitudinal gradient in Tlaloc Mount,
at the northern region of Sierra Nevada, State of Mexico. The samples were
collected from 2,949 m up to 3,545 m elevation. Leaf and wood permanent slides
were prepared to describe and quantify characters. Variance and multiple
regression analyses were performed. Ribes ciliatum showed a decrease in the
plant size and probably it is explained by the low temperatures, the high light
intensity, and poor soils. Some leaf and wood characters showed a decrease in
the site of higher elevation. However, for palisade parenchyma width, stomata
density, vessel density, and number of rays, the decrement was gradual as it
has been reported for other species. Multiple regressions revealed that
altitude was the variable that better predicts these four variables together
with canopy density, organic matter, and soil humidity. In the case of wood,
the reduction on vessel density with narrower vessels and narrower width rings
are considered modifications to survive under those environmental conditions
allowing the plants to maintain water movement and avoid embolisms. In
addition, the occurrence of paedomorphic rays at the highest elevation site is
interpreted as a trait for storage. The morpho-anatomical variation found in R.
ciliatum is not linear in most variables evaluated as it is reported for other
species growing outside the Neotropics.
LÓPEZ-UPTON, J., VALDEZ-LAZALDE, J.R.,
VENTURA-RÍOS, A., VARGAS-HERNÁNDEZ, J.J. and GUERRA-DE-LA-CRUZ, V., 2015, Extinction risk of Pseudotsuga
menziesii populations in the central region of Mexico: An AHP analysis. Forests. 2015.
Vol. 6, no. 5, p. 1598–1612. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f6051598.
Resumen: Within the
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework, a hierarchical model was created
considering anthropogenic, genetic and ecological criteria and sub-criteria
that directly affect Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)) risk of
extinction in central Mexico. The sub-criteria values were standardized,
weighted, and ordered by importance in a pairwise comparison matrix; the model
was mathematically integrated to quantify the degree of extinction risk for
each of the 29 populations present in the study area. The results indicate
diverse levels of risk for the populations, ranging from very low to very high.
Estanzuela, Presa Jaramillo, Peñas Cargadas and Plan del Baile populations have
very low risk, with values less than 0.25. On the other hand, Vicente Guerrero,
Morán, Minatitlán, La Garita and Tonalapa populations have very high risk
(>0.35) because they are heavily influenced by anthropogenic (close to roads
and towns), ecological (presence of exotic species and little or no natural
regeneration) and genetic (presence of mature to overmature trees and
geographic isolation) factors. In situ conservation activities, prioritizing
their implementation in populations at most risk is highly recommended; in
addition, germplasm collection for use of assisted gene flow and migration
approaches, including artificial reforestation, should be considered in these
locations.
LUNA-BAUTISTA, L., LA ROSA, P.H. De,
VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ, A., GÓMEZ-GUERRERO, A. and ACOSTA-MIRELES, M., 2015, Understory in the composition
and diversity of managed forest areas in Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Oaxaca. Revista Chapingo, Serie Ciencias
Forestales y del Ambiente. 2015. Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 109–121. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2014.08.037.
Resumen: In the
present study, the effect of silvicultural practices on richness, composition
and diversity of tree species, herbaceous and shrub species in a forest
community of Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Oaxaca was evaluated. To this end, the
following silvicultural treatments were evaluated: selective cutting (1998),
light thinning (2011) and seed tree cutting (1998 and 2011). Alpha and beta diversity
indices of tree communities (shrub and herbaceous) were estimated, and also the
Importance Value index (IVI) of the tree layer. The results showed that the
herbaceous component is the most diverse in both stands with and without
silvicultural management, followed by the shrub component. According to the
IVI, Pinus oaxacana Mirov was the most important ecological species in all
treatments evaluated, including unmanaged forest. The results indicate that
logging modifies richness, diversity and composition of the tree strata (shrub
and herbaceous), these two tree strata are the largest contributors to
diversity. Therefore it is important to assess the understory, because it helps
giving a better explanation of the total plant diversity of the forest.
MARTÍNEZ-AISPURO, J.A., FIGUEROA-VELASCO, J.L.,
CORDERO-MORA, J.L., RUÍZ-FLORES, A., SÁNCHEZ-TORRES-ESQUEDA, M.T. and
ORTEGA-CERRILLA, M.E., 2015, Effect of xylanases added to sorghum diets with
different levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein on the growth
performance and carcass characteristics of nursery pigs. Revista Científica de la Facultad
de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad del Zulia. 2015. Vol. 25, no. 2, p. 123–131.
Resumen: The aim of
this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of xylanase in diets based on
sorghum, low in metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP), on growth
performance and carcass characteristics of nursery pigs. Two experiments were
conducted using York x Landrace x Duroc pigs. For experiment 1, 20 male and 20 female
pigs (11.22 ± 1.36 kg initial body weight) were used, allotted in a completely
randomized design. Treatments consisted of four levels of energy (3.350, 3.315,
3.280, and 3.245 Mcal kg-1) with or without the addition of xylanase. In
experiment 2, 20 male and 20 females pigs (10.1 ± 1.8 kg initial BW) were used,
allotted in a completely randomized design. Two levels of CP (18 and 20%) and
two levels of ME (3.350 and 3.245 Mcal) with or without the inclusion of
xylanase were evaluated. In experiment 1, addition of xylanases compensated the
reduction of 105 kcal ME, and carcass characteristics were not affected by the
reduction of energy level (P>0.1). In experiment 2, growth performance and
carcass characteristics were not affected by the reduction of ME and CP
(P>0.1). The addition of xylanase allows reduction of energy (105 kcal) and
CP (2%) in diets based on sorghum for nursery pigs, maintaining the productive
performance and carcass characteristics.
MORENO-CARRILLO, M.A., HERNÁNDEZ-GARAY, A., VAQUERA-HUERTA,
H., TREJO-LÓPEZ, C., ESCALANTE-ESTRADA, J.A., ZARAGOZA-RAMÍREZ, J.L. and
JOAQUÍN-TORRES, B.M., 2015, Forage yield of seven association and two pure swards
of grasses and legumes under grazing conditions. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana. 2015. Vol. 38, no. 1,
p. 101–108. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-73802015000100013&lng=en&nrm=iso
Resumen: To find the
best association for maximizing dry matter yield, seven associations of two
grasses (Dactylis glomerata L. and Lolium perenne L.) and one legume (Trifolium
repens L.) were studied under grazing conditions at Texcoco, State of México. The
associations of white clover (WC), orchard grass (O), and perennial ryegrass
(PR) were (in %): 30:20:50 (WC:O:PR); 10:70:20 (WC:O:PR); 40:60 (WC:PR);
30:50:20 (WC:O:PR); 20:40:40 (WC:O:PR); 40:60 (WC:O); and 10:20:70 (WC:O:PR.
Additionally, two pure swards with 100 (PR) and 100 (O) were included. The nine
treatments were distributed in a totally random block design with four
replications. The evaluated variables were dry matter yield and botanical
composition. Swards were defoliated by sheep every four weeks in the
Spring-Summer, and every six weeks in the Fall-Winter. The 10:20:70 (WC:O:PR)
association showed the highest annual dry matter yield, 66 % more than the
10:70:20 (WC:O:PR) association and the pure orchard grass sward (P < 0.05).
Among seasons, the highest seasonal dry matter yield was recorded in the
Spring-Summer, and the lowest in the Fall-Winter, with 69 and 31 % of the
annual herbage yield. On average, perennial ryegrass, orchard grass, and white
clover accounted for 47, 21, and 13 % respectively, to total dry matter yield.
Based on annual herbage yield and seasonal distribution, the best association
was 10:20:70 (WC:O:PR).
NIETO, R., SÁNCHEZ-TORRES, M.T., MEJÍA, O.,
FIGUEROA, J.L., OLIVARES, L., PERALTA, J.G., CORDERO, J.L., MOLINA, P. and
CÁRDENAS, M., 2015, Effect of fish meal and oil on hormone profile and
reproductive variables in ewes inseminated by laparoscopy. Livestock
Science, Vol. 178, August 2015, Pages 357–362. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.009
Resumen: The addition
of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to the diet of ruminants can benefit
the reproductive process in the female. The current study was conducted to
assess the effect of a short period of feeding a diet that included fish meal
and oil on the progesterone (P4) and insulin (INS) profile, and on reproductive
variables including estrous onset, pregnancy and prolificacy in virgin ewes
artificially inseminated by laparoscopy (AIL). Forty-two Dorset ewes were
assigned into two experimental groups: These groups were no supplementation
(CON; n=21) and a group supplemented with fish meal and oil (4 and 0.8%; FMO;
n=21). Ewes were fed the experimental diets for 15 days, beginning four days
before inserting sponges for estrus synchronization and ending the day the
vaginal sponges were removed. Each ewe received 0.8 kg d−1 feed in individual
pens. Ewes were pre-synchronized with prostaglandin F2α and later synchronized
with chronolone sponges for 11 days. When sponges were removed, the ewes
received 200 IU of eCG. The AIL began 48 h after sponge removal and estrus
detection. The time of estrus onset was different among groups (P<0.05; CON:
35.1±2.1; FMO: 41.0±1.8 h). No differences were found in P4 (FMO: 3.8±1.2; CON:
3.5±1.4 ng mL−1) or INS concentrations in serum (FMO: 0.12±0.02; CON: 0.13±0.03 ng mL−1).
Adding fish meal and oil to the diet did not affect pregnancy percentage (FMO:
52%; CON: 55%), but it did affect the prolificacy index (FMO: 1.63; CON: 1.25)
(P<0.05). It was concluded that the addition of fish meal and oil to the
diet of virgin ewes over a short period time delayed onset of estrus and
enhanced prolificacy.
ORDUÑO-CRUZ, N., GUZMÁN-FRANCO, A.W.,
RODRÍGUEZ-LEYVA, E., ALATORRE-ROSAS, R., GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, H., MORA-AGUILERA,
G. and RODRÍGUEZ-MACIEL, J.C., 2015, In vitro selection of a fungal pathogen for use against Diaphorina citri. Biological
Control. 2015. Vol. 90, p. 6–15. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.05.010.
Resumen: The Asian
citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, is an important pest of citrus, which
transmits the disease Huanglongbing (HLB) and has had devastating effects on
the citrus industry around the world. Control relies mainly on synthetic
pesticides, but biological control using entomopathogenic fungi may provide an
alternative strategy. We evaluated sixteen fungal isolates in total; three of
Beauveria bassiana, two of Metarhizium anisopliae, three of Isaria fumosorosea
(Group 1); and eight isolates of Hirsutella citriformis (Group 2). The in vitro
growth, germination (after different incubation times) and sporulation were
assessed for all isolates at four temperatures: 20, 25, 30 and 35. °C. Overall,
the Group 1 isolates achieved the greatest growth, germination rate and
sporulation compared with the H. citriformis isolates In Group 2. Among the
Group 1 isolates, B1, M2 and I1 had the greatest performance in the biological
attributes evaluated. Group 2 isolates were not competitive under in vitro
assessment; however, they cannot be dismissed entirely until in vivo
experiments are done as this species was the most common pathogen infecting ACP
in the field.
ORDUÑO-CRUZ, N., GUZMÁN-FRANCO, A.W.,
RODRÍGUEZ-LEYVA, E., ALATORRE-ROSAS, R., GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, H. and
MORA-AGUILERA, G., 2015, In vivo selection of entomopathogenic fungal isolates
for control of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Biological
Control. 2015. Vol. 90, p. 1–5. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.05.011.
Resumen: The Asian
citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is an important pest of citrus, which
transmits the disease Huanglongbing with devastating effects on the citrus
industry around the world. Control relies mainly on synthetic pesticides, but
biological control using entomopathogenic fungi may provide an alternative
strategy. Based on previous in vitro experiments, we selected four isolates,
one from each of the species Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria
fumosorosea and Hirstella citriformis. With these isolates, we carried out in
vivo experiments to select an isolate based on its infection ability against
adult D. citri. Using only H. citriformis isolates, we evaluated the mortality
in D. citri achieved using blastospores. As a potential cause of the low
mortality achieved with H. citriformis, we evaluated the effect of inoculum
carrier (Tween 80 or distilled water) on conidial germination. We also compared
the pathogenicity of dry conidia (not suspended in 0.03% Tween 80) of H.
citriformis and M. anisopliae against adult D. citri. Using conidial
suspensions, all isolates caused mortalities above 80% in adult D. citri
cohorts, except H. citriformis, which caused a maximum of 40% mortality. The
mortality caused by blastospore suspensions of H. citriformis, were 60%. Tween
80 solution and distilled water significantly reduced the germination of H.
citriformis conidia. Dry conidia of H. citriformis and M. anisopliae caused
100% mortality. Our results suggest that using a combination of biological
control approaches, both inundative (using M. anisopliae or I. fumosorosea
isolates in suspension) and inoculative (using H. citriformis as dry conidia in
autoinoculation devices), has good biological control potential. The
suitability of the combined use of these two biological control approaches for
management of D. citri is discussed.
PABLO-PÉREZ, M., LAGUNES-ESPINOZA, L.C.,
LÓPEZ-UPTON, J., ARANDA-IBÁÑEZ, E.M. and RAMOS-JUÁREZ, J., 2015, Chemical composition of wild
species of the genus Lupinus from state of Puebla, México. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana. 2015. Vol. 38, no. 1,
p. 49–55. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-73802015000100007&lng=en&nrm=iso
Resumen: Species of
the genus Lupinus are abundant in the Mexican Transverse Neovolcanic Axis and
their seeds have high protein content that can be utilized in human and animal
nutrition. Flowering and fruiting plants of Lupinus campestris, L. exaltatus,
L. hintonii and L. montanus were collected in the Serdan and Libres Valley
state of Puebla, México, during May and August 2011 at 2486 - 3442 masl, for
proximate analysis, total alkaloids (TA), total polyphenols (TP) and condensed
tannins (CT) in various plant organs. The seeds had the highest percentage of
crude protein (CP) (32.5 to 43.5 g/100 g), ether extract (EE) (6.5 to 7.5 g/100
g), and the lowest content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (16.7 to 24.7 g/100
g) and acid detergent fiber (FDA) (4.4 to 7.9 g/100 g), compared to the leaves
+ stems (PC: 22.2 to 25.5 g/100 g; FDN: 38.2 to 44.1 g/100 g; FDA: 21.7 to 30.1
g/100 g). In pod walls lower PC content (10.9 to 22.8 g/100 g) and EE (0.1 to
0.6 g/100 g), but higher NDF (54.4 to 68.4 g/100 g) and FDA (34.0 to 47.1 g/100
g) were observed. In the seeds TA were from 2.4 to 5.4 g/100 g (L. hintonii
with the highest content), PT of 221 to 554 mg/100 g, and CT from 0.0 to 22.7
mg kg-1 (L. exaltatus and L. campestris seeds without tannins). In the foliage,
TA ranged from 1.2 to 3.3 g/100 g, PT from 556 to 813 mg/100 g and CT of 66.85
to 99.71 mg kg-1. The seeds and foliage of wild Lupinus species are a source of
protein and polyphenols. These will require reducing level of alkaloids via
technological processes or breeding varieties suitable for use in food.
TURCIOS PALOMO, L.A., BAUTISTA MARTÍNEZ, N.,
JOHANSEN-NAIME, R., ROMERO NAPOLES, J., SEGURA LEON, O., SANCHEZ ARROYO, H. and
VERA GRAZIANO, J., 2015, Population Fluctuations of Thrips (Thysanoptera) and
Their Relationship to the Phenology of Vegetable Crops in the Central Region of
Mexico. Florida
Entomologist.
2015. Vol. 98, no. 2, p. 430–438. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0206.
Resumen: The presence
of thrips in vegetable crops has become an important phytosanitary issue in
Mexico. Their direct injuries to plants are the result of the feeding by their
immature and adult stages, whereas their indirect injuries are caused by the
transmission of various viruses. The objective of this study was to identify
the species of thrips associated with 6 vegetable crops in order to determine
their population fluctuations and to ascertain the effects of temperature and
rainfall on their populations. Samples were collected from zucchini, onion,
pepper, cucumber, tomato, and tomatillo in Puebla and Morelos from Feb 2010 to
Feb 2011. Three species were identified: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on all vegetables, Frankliniella fortissima
(Priesner) on zucchini and cucumber, and Thrips tabaci (Lindeman)
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on onion and pepper. The highest population level for
thrips coincided with the presence of flowers on the crops, except in the case
of onion. In general, 2 to 6 generations of thrips were present in each crop
cycle, and the levels of populations decreased when the plants were near
senescence. The main suppressive effect of weather on thrips populations was
caused by rainfall.
PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ, S.B., REYES-OLIVAS, Á.,
GARCÍA-MOYA, E., ROMERO-MANZANARES, A., GARCÍA-NAVA, J.R., LUGO-GARCÍA, G.A.
and SÁNCHEZ-SOTO, B., 2015, Seed storage and germination of Stenocereus thurberi,
a cactaceae with facultative viviparity. Botanical Sciences.
2015. Vol. 93, no. 2, p. 105–108. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.227
Resumen: The
strategy of germination is central to ensure survivorship of natural
populations. Storage and viability of seeds are also important features in
regeneration and cropping. Both aspects of viviparous arborescent cacti of
Sonoran Desert are lacking. This research focused on the germination of
Stenocereus thurberi in viviparous and non-viviparous plants. Also, the effect
of storage in the remaining seeds of fruits having viviparous seeds as compared
with the behavior of seeds of non-viviparous plants. The response in the
initiation (Ti), mean initiation time (T50), and the
germinative potential (GP) of seeds were analyzed with a randomized block
design, four replicates in candy boxes with 50 seeds as experimental units. The
results confirmed a greater velocity of germination and high tolerance to
storage in seeds of fruits having viviparous seeds. Meanwhile they showed
variation in the reduction of percentage of germination as compared with seeds
from fruits on non-viviparous plants. The precocity of germination combined
with the high tolerance to drying are outstanding and rare traits in Plant
Kingdom, which favors seedlings establishment due to gain vigor before the
initiation of dispersal.
SÁNCHEZ-LÓPEZ, A.S., CARRILLO-GONZÁLEZ, R.,
GONZÁLEZ-CHÁVEZ, M.D.C.A., ROSAS-SAITO, G.H. and VANGRONSVELD, J., 2015, Phytobarriers: Plants capture
particles containing potentially toxic elements originating from mine tailings
in semiarid regions. Environmental Pollution. 2015.
Vol. 205, p. 33–42.
Resumen: Retention of
particles containing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on plants that
spontaneously colonize mine tailings was studied through comparison of washed
and unwashed shoot samples. Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co and Mn concentrations were
determined in plant samples. Particles retained on leaves were examined by
Scanning Electronic Microscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis. Particles
containing PTEs were detected on both washed and unwashed leaves. This
indicates that the thorough washing procedure did not remove all the particles
containing PTEs from the leaf surface, leading to an overestimation of the
concentrations of PTEs in plant tissues. Particularly trichomes and fungal
mycelium were retaining particles. The quantity and composition of particles
varied among plant species and place of collection. It is obvious that plants
growing on toxic mine tailings form a physical barrier against particle
dispersion and hence limit the spread of PTEs by wind.
TAMAYO-MEJÍA, F., TAMEZ-GUERRA, P., GUZMÁN-FRANCO, A.W. and GOMEZ-FLORES,
R., 2015, Can Beauveria bassiana Bals. (Vuill) (Ascomycetes:
Hypocreales) and Tamarixia triozae (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) be used
together for improved biological control of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera:
Triozidae)? Biological Control. 2015. Vol. 90,
p. 42–48. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.05.014.
Resumen: Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.) is an important pest of solanaceous crops and a vector of the
pathogen Candidatus
Liberibacter psyllaurous.
Biocontrol of this pest has been attempted with either entomopathogenic fungi
or the parasitoid Tamarixia triozae
(Burks), but prior to this study, their potential impact in combination had not
been studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate T. triozae parasitism rates on B. cockerelli nymphs that were previously
infected for different periods of time by three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Two
native isolates (BB40 and BB42) and one commercial isolate (GHA) were used. The
virulence of these isolates was first estimated against B. cockerelli and T. triozae. LC50 values for
the native isolates BB40 and BB42 against B.
cockerelli were 9.5 × 105 and
2.42 × 106 conidia mL−1 respectively;
they were significantly more virulent than isolate GHA with an LC50
of 1.97 × 107 conidia mL−1. However,
isolate GHA was significantly more virulent against T. triozae with an LC50 of 1.11 × 107 conidia mL−1
compared with LC50s of 1.49 × 107 and
1.14 × 108 conidia mL−1 for the
native isolates BB40 and BB42 respectively. Groups of nymphs were then
inoculated with LC20, LC50 or LC90
concentrations of each isolate and presented to T. triozae as hosts either on the day of inoculation or 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 days after inoculation. Subsequent levels of parasitism were
recorded. Overall, parasitism rates were similar in inoculated and control
nymphs. No parasitism occurred in nymphs 6 days after fungal inoculation.
Parasitoids used to parasitize uninoculated B.
cockerelli nymphs survived significantly longer (7.8 days)
than parasitoids that had been used to parasitize fungus-inoculated nymphs
(7.3 days). This suggests an inability of the parasitoid to avoid infection
when foraging on inoculated nymphs. In conclusion, although the parasitism rate
in control and fungus-treated nymphs was similar, suggesting a combination of
both biological control agents is possible, we believe there are also negative
implications for the parasitoid because its survival was greatly reduced after
attacking infected nymphs.
TORRES-GARCÍA, J.R.,
NÚÑEZ-FARFÁN, J., USCANGA-MORTERA, E., TREJO, C., CONDE-MARTÍNEZ, V.,
KOHASHI-SHIBATA, J., MARTÍNEZ-MORENO, D. and VELAZQUÉZ-MARQUEZ, S., 2015, Competition for canopy cover
between accessions of Phalaris minor that are susceptible and resistant to
ACCase inhibiting herbicides. Nordic Journal of Botany, Artículo publicado primero en línea: 10 JUN 2015. ISSN 1756-1051. DOI: 10.1111/njb.00764.
Resumen: Herbicide
resistance has the potential to impose fitness costs in plants. In Mexico,
Phalaris minor Retz. has evolved resistance to acetyl-coa carboxylase (ACCase)
inhibiting herbicides. However, it is unknown whether these changes may involve
other ecological costs for resistant individuals under non-selective
conditions. The aim of this study was to determine whether the evolution of
resistance has reduced the ability of P. minor to compete for resources at the
seedling stage. De Wit’s replacement series experiments (susceptible: resistant
100:0, 50:50, 0:100) were performed under two initial conditions. In the first
experiment, we examined the effect of differences in germination time between
resistant and susceptible genotypes on canopy cover. In the second experiment,
germination was synchronized, and all the replacement series began at the same
time. Delayed germination of resistant accessions reduced their ability to
compete for canopy space, competition intensity index, and relative
productivity in relation to susceptible accessions. When germination was
synchronized, the resistant accessions had the same canopy cover and
productivity as susceptible accessions. The delayed germination may cause
displacement of resistant individuals in the absence of the selective factor
(herbicide).
VARGAS-RODRÍGUEZ, L.M., HERRERA, J.G., MORALES,
E.J., ARCOS-GARCÍA, J.L., LÓPEZ-POZOS, R. and RUELAS, G., 2015, Effect of citric acid, phytase
and calcium in diets of laying hens on productive performance, digestibility
and mineral excretion. International Journal of Poultry Science.
2015. Vol. 14, no. 4, p. 222–228. PDF: http://www.pjbs.org/ijps/fin2727.pdf
Resumen: The
objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of citric acid (CA),
phytase and calcium in diets of laying hens on the productive performances and
digestibility and excretion of phosphorus (P), calcium and nitrogen (N). An
experiment was designed using 24 week old laying hens, which were fed a diet
with a base of sorghum and soybean meal containing 2,700 kcal ME/kg, 15% crude
protein, 3.25% calcium and 0.25% available phosphorus. The following were also
added to the diets of hens depending on the treatment groups: 0.0, 0.6 and 1.2%
citric acid, 0.0 and 300 units of phytase/kg of diet (FTU) and 3.00 and 3.25%
calcium. The phytase was added as an ingredient into to diets, contributed to
0.1% of phosphorus and 0.3% of calcium levels. The experiment involved 12
treatments in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design. The treatment 0.6% citric acid, 300
FTU and 3% calcium increased the digestibility of phosphorus, resulting in its
decreased excretion (p<0.05). Citric acid decreased the excretion of calcium
and N linearly (p<0.01), increased (p<0.05) their digestibility and had
effect on the response of the phytase (p<0.05). The treatment of 1.2% citric
acid, 300 FTU and 3.25% calcium increased (p<0.05) the digestibility of N
quantitativaly. It can be concluded that citric acid reduces the excretion
levels and increases the digestibility of P, N and calcium and has effect on
the response of the phytase to affect the excretions of P and N.
VAZQUEZ, A.I., KLIMENTIDIS, Y.C., DHURANDHAR,
E.J., VETURI, Y.C. and PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ, P., 2015, Assessment of whole-genome
regression for type II diabetes. PLoS ONE. 2015.
Vol. 10, no. 4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123818.
Resumen: Lifestyle
and genetic factors play a large role in the development of Type 2 Diabetes
(T2D). Despite the important role of genetic factors, genetic information is
not incorporated into the clinical assessment of T2D risk. We assessed and
compared Whole Genome Regression methods to predict the T2D status of 5,245
subjects from the Framingham Heart Study. For evaluating each method we
constructed the following set of regression models: A clinical baseline model
(CBM) which included non-genetic covariates only. CBM was extended by adding
the first two marker-derived principal components and 65 SNPs identified by a
recent GWAS consortium for T2D (M-65SNPs). Subsequently, it was further
extended by adding 249,798 genome-wide SNPs from a high-density array. The
Bayesian models used to incorporate genome-wide marker information as
predictors were: Bayes A, Bayes CΠ, Bayesian LASSO (BL), and the Genomic Best
Linear Unbiased Prediction (G-BLUP). Results included estimates of the genetic
variance and heritability, genetic scores for T2D, and predictive ability
evaluated in a 10-fold cross-validation. The predictive AUC estimates for CBM
and M-65SNPs were: 0.668 and 0.684, respectively. We found evidence of contribution
of genetic effects in T2D, as reflected in the genomic heritability estimates
(0.492±0.066). The highest predictive AUC among the genome-wide marker Bayesian
models was 0.681 for the Bayesian LASSO. Overall, the improvement in predictive
ability was moderate and did not differ greatly among models that included
genetic information. Approximately 58% of the total number of genetic variants
was found to contribute to the overall genetic variation, indicating a complex
genetic architecture for T2D. Our results suggest that the Bayes CΠ and the G-BLUP models with a
large set of genome-wide markers could be used for predicting risk to T2D, as
an alternative to using high-density arrays when selected markers from large
consortiums for a given complex trait or disease are unavailable.
