ALERTA
BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA DEL COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS
Documentos indizados en el Science Citation Index Expanded
(SCIE) y el Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) de enero a mayo de 2016
Compilada por Angel Bravo Vinaja
abravo@colpos.mx
Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí.
Iturbide 73.
78622, Salinas de Hidalgo, Salinas, S. L. P. México.
Se listan 62 registros bibliográficos de
documentos indizados en el Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) y el Social
Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) de la Colección Principal del Web de la Ciencia
(WOS) en los que participan como autores personal académico del Colegio de
Postgraduados (Colpos). Los documentos fueron publicados en el periodo
enero-mayo de 2016.
De este conjunto de registros se proporcionan
seis indicadores bibliométricos (tipos de documentos, autoría, categorías de la
ciencia JCR, revistas de publicación, colaboración interinstitucional y
colaboración internacional) que proporcionan una mejor visión de la
investigación realizada en el Colegio de Postgraduados.
Tipos de documentos publicados, e
indizados en el SCIE y SSCI.
Tipos de documentos
|
No. de docs.
|
Artículos
|
59
|
Noticias
|
2
|
Editorial
|
1
|
Número de documentos publicados por autor
(se muestran los primeros 100 autores).
Número
de documentos públicados en las revistas listadas en las principales categorías
del Journal of Citation Reports (JCR).
Una revista puede haber
publicado más de un documento y estar incluida en una o más categorías JCR (Se
listan las 14 categorías JCR con más documentos).
Categoría JCR
|
No. de docs.
|
Categoría JCR
|
No. de docs.
|
Entomology
|
12
|
Biotecnology
Applied Microbiology
|
5
|
Agriculture
Multidisciplinary
|
11
|
Veterinary
Sciences
|
4
|
Horticulture
|
8
|
Genetics
Heredity
|
3
|
Agronomy
|
8
|
Food
Science Technology
|
3
|
Plant
Sciences
|
6
|
Water
Resources
|
2
|
Forestry
|
6
|
Ecology
|
2
|
Zoology
|
5
|
Agriculture
Dairy Animal Science
|
2
|
Revistas de Publicación
Se
muestran todos los títulos, ordenados por las revistas con mayór número de
documentos publicados.
Número de documentos de las principales
instituciones de pertenecia de los autores con más documentos publicados en
colaboración con el Colpos.
Institución
|
No. de docs.
|
Institución
|
No. de docs.
|
Universidad Autónoma
Chapingo
|
15
|
Universidad Juárez
Autónoma de Tabasco
|
2
|
UNAM
|
7
|
Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
|
2
|
University
of California Davis
|
4
|
Universidad
Autónoma de Zacatecas
|
2
|
Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana
|
4
|
Universidad
Veracruzana
|
2
|
Universidad Autónoma del
Estado de México
|
3
|
Instituto
Nacional de Ecología
|
2
|
Colaboración internacional. Número de
documentos publicados con autores de otros países.
País
|
No. de docs.
|
Estados Unidos
|
9
|
España
|
3
|
Argentina
|
1
|
Canada
|
1
|
País
|
No. de docs.
|
Chile
|
1
|
Cuba
|
1
|
Guadalupe
|
1
|
Italia
|
1
|
Los registros están ordenados por autor de
acuerdo al estilo de referencias bibliográficas ISO 690-2 e incluyen:
·
Autor(es)
Año(s)
·
Título
del documento
·
Fuente,
volúmen, número y año de publicación
·
URL
persistente (Digital Object Identifier o DOI)
·
URL no persistente
(página web)
·
Resumen
y/o abstract
REGISTROS
BIBLOGRÁFICOS
1 de 62
AGUILERA-RODRÍGUEZ, Manuel, ALDRETE, Arnulfo,
MARTÍNEZ-TRINIDAD, Tomas y ORDAZ-CHAPARRO, Víctor M., 2016, PRODUCTION OF Pinus montezumae Lamb. WITH DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE
FERTILIZERS. Agrociencia. Feb. 2016. Vol. 50,
no. 1, p. 107–118. URL: www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2016/ene-feb/art-8.pdf.
Resumen: Los fertilizantes de liberación
controlada se utilizan poco en los viveros forestales, principalmente porque se
desconocen sus ventajas. El objetivo de este estudio fue probar la efectividad
de tres fertilizantes de liberación controlada combinados con dos sustratos.
Plantas de Pinus montezumae Lamb. Se obtuvieron en charolas de poliestireno,
con tres dosis (4, 6 y 8 g L-1) de fertilizantes (Basacote ™ Plus, Multicote ™
y Osmocote ™ Plus) y dos sustratos: S1 (aserrín de pino compostado, corteza de
pino compostada y vermiculita 70:15:15) y S2 (turba de musgo, perlita y
vermiculita 60:20:20). El estudio se realizó con un arreglo factorial 2 X 3 X
3. Después de 9.5 meses de la siembra, el efecto por el sustrato, fertilizante
y dosis, fue significativo en el diámetro del tallo, el peso seco aéreo, el
peso de la raíz, el peso seco total y la relación del peso seco aéreo sobre el
de la raíz. En el sustrato S1 los valores mayores se presentaron con la dosis
de 8 g L-1 y en el sustrato S2 con las dosis 6 y 8 g L-1. La concentración de
N, P y K en el follaje aumentó con el nivel de los fertilizantes. En 16 de los
18 tratamientos se obtuvieron plantas con diámetro medio mayor a 6 mm. Los
fertilizantes retuvieron de 15 a 45 % de N, P, K; Basacote™ retuvo la cantidad
mayor de éstos. En S2 con 8 g L-1 de Basacote,
Multicote™, Osmocote™ las plantas tuvieron las características morfológicas
recomendables para usarlas en una plantación y las concentraciones mayores de
N, P y K en el follaje. La producción de plantas con calidad alta es posible
mediante el uso de fertilizantes de liberación controlada combinados con turba
de musgo o aserrín de pino.
Abstract:
Controlled-release fertilizers are not frequently used in forest nurseries,
mainly because their advantages are unknown. The objective of this study was to
test the effectiveness of three controlled-release fertilizers combined with
two substrates. Pinus montezumae Lamb. plants were grown in polystyrene trays
with three dosages (4, 6 and 8 g L-1) of fertilizers (Basacote (TM) Plus,
Multicote (TM) and Osmocote (TM) Plus) and two substrates: S1 (composted pine
sawdust, composted pine bark and vermiculite 70:15:15) and S2 (peat moss,
perlite and vermiculite 60:20:20). The study was conducted with a 2 X 3 X 3
factorial array. Nine and a half months after sowing, the effect of substrate,
fertilizer and dosage on stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight,
total dry weight and shoot/root ratio was significant. In substrate S1, the
highest values occurred with the dosage 8 g L-1 and in substrate S2 with the
dosages 6 and 8 g(-1) The concentration of N, P and K in foliage increased with
the level of fertilisers. In 16 of the 18 treatments, mean stem diameters above
6 mm were obtained. The fertilizers retained 15 to 45 % N, P, K; Basacote (TM)
retained the highest quantities of these elements. In S2 with 8 g Basacote
(TM), Multicote (TM), Osmocote (TM), the plants had morphological
characteristics recommended for use in plantations and the highest
concentrations of N, P and K in foliage. Production of high quality plants is
possible using controlled-release fertilizers combined with peat moss or pine
sawdust.
2 de 62
AGUADO-RODRÍGUEZ, Javier G., QUEVEDO-NOLASCO,
Abel, CASTRO-POPOCA, Martiniano, ARTEAGA-RAMIREZ, Ramón, ALBERTO VAZQUEZ-PENA,
M. y ZAMORA-MORALES, Patricia B., 2016, Meteorological
variables prediction through arima models. Agrociencia. Feb.
2016. Vol. 50, no. 1, p. 1–13. URL: www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2016/ene-feb/art-1.pdf
Resumen: La
predicción de las variables meteorológicas se aplica en la agricultura al
predecir el consumo de agua de las plantas para planear la lámina de riego. En
esta investigación se elaboró un programa para realizar la predicción de la
temperatura, radiación solar, evapotranspiración de referencia y humedad
relativa con modelos autorregresivos integrados de media móvil (ARIMA) y se
probó la efectividad del programa para realizar la predicción en condiciones de
alta y baja precipitación. Los periodos de predicción evaluados fueron en marzo
y en junio de 2013 en tres estaciones meteorológicas automáticas (EMAS) del
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN). El análisis de los resultados indicó que
la predicción de las variables meteorológicas con modelos ARIMA fue mejor que
con la predicción persistente en el periodo con condiciones de baja
precipitación (marzo).
Abstract: Meteorological
variables prediction is applied in agriculture to predict water uptake of
plants for planning irrigation depths. In the present study a program was made
for the prediction of temperature, solar radiation, reference
evapotranspiration and relative humidity by means of autoregressive integrated
mobile media models. The effectiveness of the program was tested for prediction
under high and low rainfall conditions. The prediction periods evaluated were
in March and in June, 2013, in three automatic meteorological stations (EMAS)
of the National Meteorological Service (SMN). The analysis of results indicated
that the prediction of meteorological variables with ARIMA models was better
than with persistent prediction in the period with low rainfall conditions
(March).
3 de 62
ARECE-GARCÍA, Javier, LÓPEZ-LEYVA,
Yoel, GONZÁALEZ-GARDUNO, Roberto, TORRES-HERNÁNDEZ, Glafiro, ROJO-RUBIO,
Rolando y MARIE-MAGDELEINE, Carine, 2016, Effect of
selective anthelmintic treatments on health and production parameters in
Pelibuey ewes during lactation. Tropical Animal Health and
Production. Feb. 2016. Vol. 48, no. 2, p. 283–287.
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0947-8.
Abstract: A study
was conducted from December to April 2013, with the aim of evaluating a system
of selective antiparasitic treatments using the FAMACHAA (c) color chart
compared with a conventional suppressive deworming system every 30 days in
Pelibuey ewes during lactation. For the study, 54 ewes were used. They were
randomly divided into two groups: FAMACHA and chemical treatments. The ewes in
the first group received selective treatment depending on the ocular mucosa
coloration (FAMACHA) and body condition score (BCS), while in the second group
(chemical) all the animals remained under routine deworming every 30 days.
Fecal nematode egg counts, proportion of third-stage trichostrongylid larvae,
body condition, coloration of the ocular mucosa, and packed cell volume in the
ewes were determined, while in lambs only body weight (BW) was recorded. No
significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in any of the studied
variables between groups; however, the use of antiparasitic drugs was reduced
during the experimental period in the FAMACHA group and no deaths of lambs or
ewes were recorded. The results indicate that during the lactation of ewes, a
strategy of selective treatments can be implemented without showing
deterioration in major health and productive parameters of these animals.
5 de 62
BAÑUELOS-HERNÁNDEZ, K. P., GARCÍA-NAVA, J.
R., LEYVA-OVALLE, O. R., PEÑA-VALDIVIA, C. B. e YBARRA-MONCADA, M. C., 2016, Flowering stem storage of Heliconia psittacorumL. f.
cv. Tropica. Postharvest
Biology and Technology. Feb. 2016. Vol. 112, p. 159–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.10.006.
Abstract: Heliconia
psittacorum L. f. is a tropical flower species with high economic potential due
to its diversity of shapes, colours and its long vase life. However, storage
conditions (temperature and relative humidity; RH) for flower stems during
transport is a particular issue to each cultivar determining duration of vase
life. Flowering stems were obtained from a commercial plantation in Campo
Grande, Iztaczoquitlan, Veracruz, Mexico. The variables evaluated over a 10 day
storage period were: fresh weight, colour using the CIE model (L*, a*, b*),
peroxidase activity (POX), respiratory intensity and ethylene. The temperature
was in the range of 12-26 degrees C, RH between 37 and 90% and light between 0
and 150 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). A repeated measures experimental design for
non-destructive variables was used and a completely randomized design for
destructive variables. The conditions which best preserved the quality
characteristics during the stem storage (alpha = 0.05) were: 15 degrees C, 63%
RH and 0 mu mol m(-2) s(-1); 16 degrees C, 60% RH and 150 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)
and 12 degrees C, 90% RH and 26 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). The average vase life (VL)
was 6.6 days with 15 degrees C, 63% RH and 0 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and total
postharvest longevity (TPL) was 16.6 days. In contrast the control treatment
had a VL of 2.5 days and a TPL of 12.5 days (24 +/- 2 degrees C, 60 +/- 5% RH
and 10 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). The presence of leaves increased the respiration,
but there was no significant release of ethylene, hence, storage treatments did
not affect the ethylene production. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
5 de 62
BARRERA-RUIZ, Uriel M.,
CIBRIAN-TOVAR, David, LLANDERAL-CAZARES, María C. M., CIBRIAN-LLANDERAL, Víctor
D. y LAGUNES-TEJEDA, Angel, 2016, Chemical combat of
gall wasps Andricus quercuslaurinus Melika & Pujade-Villar (Cynipidae) in
Quercus affinis Scheidw. Revista Chapingo Serie
Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente. Ago 2016. Vol. 22,
no. 2, p. 115–123. DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2015.05.020.
Resumen:
Andricus quercuslaurinus Melika y Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) es una
avispa agalladora de ramas (generación asexual) y hojas (generación sexual) del
encino Quercus affinis Scheidw. en Acaxochitlán, Hidalgo, México. Las
infestaciones severas en ramas causan retraso del crecimiento y, eventualmente,
la mortalidad de árboles que tienen niveles altos de daño. En este trabajo se
evaluó la efectividad de los insecticidas Imidacloprid, Espirotetramat, Acefato
y Abamectina aplicados mediante aspersión foliar sobre la población de avispas
adultas que ovipositan en las hojas, así como sobre los huevos y larvas en las
agallas. El Acefato evitó la oviposición sobre el follaje tratado. El menor número
de agallas se encontró en los árboles tratados con Acefato; además, no tuvieron
larvas. Por otra parte, el Espirotetramat no había sido evaluado para el
control de cinípidos y junto con el Imidacloprid fueron efectivos para reducir
la supervivencia de huevos y larvas. La aspersión de los insecticidas Acefato
(1.20 kg·ha-1), Espirotetramat (0.75 L·ha-1) e Imidacloprid (1.00 L·ha-1) al
follaje de Q. affinis son opciones a considerar para el control de A.
quercuslaurinus, debido a los efectos significativos (P = 0.05) en la
mortalidad de huevos con respecto al testigo.
Abstract: Andricus
quercuslaurinus Melika & Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a gall
wasp from the branches (asexual reproduction) and leaves (sexual reproduction)
of the Quercus affinis Scheidw. oak in Acaxochitlan, Hidalgo, Mexico. Severe
infestations on the leaves cause a delay in growth and, given time, the death
of trees with large levels of damage. This study evaluated the effectiveness of
the pesticides Imidacloprid, Spirotetramat, Acephate and Abamectin when applied
through foliar spray on the adult population of wasps that oviposit on the
leaves, as well as on the eggs and larvae of the oak galls. Acephate prevented
oviposition on the treated foliage. The least number of oak galls was found on
the trees treated with Acephate; furthermore, they had no larvae. On the other
hand, Spirotetramat had not been evaluated for the control of Cynipidae;
alongside Imidacloprid, these pesticides were effective in reducing the
survival of eggs and larvae. Spraying the pesticides Acephate (1.20 kg.ha(-1)),
Spirotetramat (0.75 L.ha(-1)), and Imidacloprid (1.00 L.ha(-1)) on Q. affinis
foliage are options to be considered for the control of A. quercuslaurinus
given their significant effects (P = 0.05) on the mortality of the eggs with
regard to the control.
6 de 62
BARROZO-AKE, Hanzel J.,
CIBRIAN-TOVAR, Juan, SEGURA-LEON, Obdulia L. y AZUARA-DOMINGUEZ, Ausencio,
2016, Population Fluctuation and
Effectiveness of the Mexican Rice Borer, Eoreuma loftini, Pheromone as
Attractant at Morelos, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist. Mar.
2016. Vol. 41, no. 1, p. 21–26. URL: DOI: 10.3958/059.041.0104
Resumen: Con la
finalidad de describir la fluctuación poblacional y cuantificar el tiempo
efectivo como atrayente de la feromona de Eoreuma loftini, fueron establecidos
dos experimentos en caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp. L.) en Morelos, México. En
el experimento 1 se colocaron al azar ocho trampas que contenían la feromona de
E. loftini, mientras que en el experimento 2 fueron evaluados tres tratamientos
remplazando la feromona sexual a los 30, 60, y 90 días después de ser colocada
en campo. Durante el desarrollo del cultivo se observó un pico poblacional el 21
de mayo de 2013. Así mismo, se determinó que la duración de la feromona de E.
loftini como atrayente es aceptable en los primeros 30 días de ser colocada en
campo.
Abstract: To
describe fluctuations in abundance and measure the effectiveness of the pheromone
of Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), two experiments were done in a field of sugarcane
(Saccharum spp. L.) at Morelos, Mexico. In the first experiment, eight traps
containing E. loftini pheromone were placed randomly in the sugarcane field.
The second experiment consisted of three treatments involving replacement of
the sex pheromones at 30, 60, and 90 days. A population peak was observed on 21
May 2013, during the development of the crop. It was concluded that E. loftini
sex pheromone was effective as an attractant for 30 days.
7 de 62
BAUTISTA, Y., NARCISO, C.,
PRO, A., HERNANDEZ, A. S., BECERRIL, C. M., SOSA, E. y VELASCO, J., 2016, Effect of heat stress and holding time ante-mortem on
the physicochemical and quality characteristics of chicken meat. Archivos
De Medicina Veterinaria. 2016. Vol. 48, no. 1, p. 89–97. DOI:
10.4067/S0301-732X2016000100011
Resumen: The
effect of heat stress and holding time was evaluated before slaughter in the
development of rigor mortis and physicochemical characteristics of meat in
chicken Pectoralis major. The treatments were: two and eight hour holding
before slaughter at temperature 24 degrees C (2HE24C, 8HE24C) and two hours
holding before slaughter at 40 degrees C (2HE40C). For the rigor mortis
development were measured the pH, color indices L*, a* and b* at 0.25, 1, 2, 4,
8, 24, 48, 96 and 144 h in 90 chickens. For the physicochemical
characteristics, and other 90 chickens were slaughtered and the pH, color,
water holding capacity (WHC), drip lost (DL), shear force (SF) and cook yield
(CY) in meat were measured at 24 hours post mortem. The pH and indices measured
color over time showed differences between treatments (P < 0.05). The
physicochemical characteristics showed differences between treatment (P <
0.05) with a higher DL, lower WHC and PC, harder texture, low pH and rates of
L* and b* being high for the meat of 2HE40C, while the opposite happened with
the meat of 8HE24C. When broilers are subjected to heat stress conditions, a
pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat is obtained, and long waiting induces
dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. The holding time prior to slaughter of 2 h at
room temperature does not adversely affect the quality of the meat.
8 de 62
BAUTISTA MARTINEZ, Nestor, ILLESCAS RIQUELME,
Carlos Patricio y JONES, Robert W., 2016, Cylindrocopturus
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) species associated with Opuntia
(Caryophyllales: Cactaceae) species. Florida Entomologist.
Mar. 2016. Vol. 99, no. 1, p. 126–127. DOI: 10.1653/024.099.0125
Resumen: En Sep
2013, productores de nopal en Teotihuacán, México, reportaron escurrimientos de
resina que emergían de la base de las espinas de cladodios maduros. Se
colectaron cladodios con síntomas y emergieron los picudos Cylindrocopturus
biradiatus Champion y Cylindrocopturus ganglbaueri Heller (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae). El presente trabajo confirma la presencia de ambas especies,
además proporciona ilustraciones y descripciones para su diagnosis.
Summary: In Sep
2013, nopal growers in Teotihuacan, Mexico, reported resinous secretions
emerging from the base of the spines of mature cladodes. Cladodes with symptoms
were collected, and the weevil species Cylindrocopturus biradiatus Champion and
Cylindrocopturus ganglbaueri Heller (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) emerged. This
work confirms the presence of both species, and it provides illustrations and
descriptions for their diagnosis.
9 de 62
CASO BARRERA, Laura y
ALIPHAT FERNANDEZ, Mario M., 2016, From Old Colonial
Territories to New Republican Frontiers: The War of the Castes and the
Boundaries of the Southwest of Mexico, 1821-1893. Historia
Critica. Mar 2016. No. 59, p. 81–100. DOI: 10.7440/histcrit59.2016.05.
Resumen: Through
the analysis of archival material, mainly cartographic, this article explores
the processes of territorial delimitation between the province of Yucatan and
El Peten, as well as of the region then occupied by the British (present-day
Belize). The elaboration of reports and maps for the establishment of limits
and borders between provinces, and later between nation states, reflects the
policies of those states regarding the establishment of their territories. In
this context it studies the impact that the indigenous uprising known as the
War of the Castes had on the process of establishing limits and borders.
10 de 62
CID DEL PRADO-VERA,
Ignacio, FERRIS, Howard y NADLER, Steven A., 2016, Five
new species of the family Trischistomatidae (Nematoda: Enoplida) from North and
Central America, with keys to the species of Trischistoma and Tripylina.
Zootaxa. 6 Mayo 2016. Vol. 4109, no. 2, p. 173–197. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.4
Resumen: Three
new species of Trischistoma and two new species of Tripylina
(Trischistomatidae) are described. Trischistoma ripariana n. sp. was collected
in the surface organic material and upper rhizosphere soil on a stream bank in
Oakville, California, USA. It is characterized by a short, thin body, the vulva
at 79-83%, a small index c (17-29) and a short tail, 34-57 mu m. Trischistoma
corticulensis n. sp. was found in moss on tree bark in a tropical forest at the
La Mancha Ecological Institute, Veracruz State, Mexico. The vulva is at 67-73%
and the tail is elongate conoid (51-84 mu m). Trischistoma helicoformis n. sp.
was collected on lichen growing on tree bark near the Carretera Interamericana
in Costa Rica. It is characterized by its spiral shape after fixation, the tail
length (76-101 mu m), a very small index c (10-14.5) and very small sclerotised
pieces around the vagina. Tripylina rorkabanarum n. sp. was collected from moss
on tree bark in a tropical forest at the La Mancha Ecological Institute. It is
characterized by the presence of two cervical setae, the position of the
subventral teeth posterior to the dorsal tooth, the absence of sclerotized
pieces around the vagina and the distance of the dorsal tooth from the
anterior, 10-15 mu m. Tripylina iandrassyi n. sp. was collected from soil
around a banana tree at the La Mancha Ecological Institute. It is characterized
by the presence of a post-uterine sac, well-developed buccal lips, subventral
teeth located posterior to the dorsal tooth, one cervical seta in females and
two in males, and by spicules not completely surrounded by a muscular sheath.
11 de 62
CID DEL PRADO-VERA,
Ignacio, FERRIS, Howard y NADLER, Steven A., 2016, Five
new species of the genus Tripylella (Nematoda: Enoplida: Tripylidae).
Zootaxa. Mayo 2016. Vol. 4109, no. 2, p. 198–217. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.5
Resumen: Five
new species of the genus Tripylella are described, two from Mexico, one from
Fatima, Portugal, one from Quito, Ecuador, and one from California, USA.
Tripylella mexicana sp. n. is characterized by its short body (average 0.74
mm), short pharynx (average 161 mu m), short tail (average 117 mu m), presence
of an excretory pore and small setae distributed sparsely along the body, the
presence of body pores, the posterior position of the subventral teeth in
relation to the small dorsal tooth with all teeth in contiguous stomal
chambers, the finely-striated cuticle with many anastomoses, the non-protruding
vulval lips, and the presence of sclerotized pieces in the vulval region.
Tripylella muscusi sp. n. is characterized by its body length (average 0.94
mm), pharynx length (average 201 mu m), tail length (average 140 mu m), the
anterior position of the subventral teeth in relation to the small dorsal tooth
in a single stomal chamber, the presence of an excretory pore, the presence of
body pores and sparse somatic setae, the finely-striated cuticle with sparse
anastomoses, protruding vulval lips and sclerotized oval-shaped pieces present
in the vulval region. Tripylella quitoensis sp. n. is characterized by the
short body length (average 0.72 mm), the short outer labial setae, the short
pharynx (average 175 mu m), the location of the anterior subventral teeth and
posterior dorsal tooth in the same stomal chamber, the short tail (average 98
mu m), the apparent absence of an excretory pore, presence of body pores,
presence of somatic setae, a finely-striated cuticle, non-protruding vulval
lips, and very small oval sclerotized pieces in the vulva. Tripylella
fatimaensis sp. n. is characterized by the short body, (average 0.74 mm) long,
by the length of the pharynx (average 180 mu m), the length of the tail
(average 110 mu m) and in the length of its reduced diameter portion, 45-58 mu
m, the presence of an excretory pore, body pores and three pairs of caudal
setae (one pair each latero-ventral, latero-dorsal and ventral). Tripylella
dentata sp. n. is characterized, and differs from all the species of the genus,
by the presence of two adjacent stomal chambers, with two large teeth, one
dorsal and one ventral, in the posterior stomal chamber and two subventral
teeth in the anterior smaller chamber, short body (average 0.85 mm), pharynx
length (average 209 mu m), tail length (average 115 mu m), the apparent absence
of an excretory pore, the presence of two cervical setae in a lateral position,
and by the presence of conspicuous pores along the body.
12 de 62
CONTRERAS-RENDON, Alejandra, TARIN
GUTIERREZ-IBANEZ, Ana, VICTORIA SILVA-ROJAS, Hilda, RICARDO SANCHEZ-PALE,
Jesus, LAGUNA-CERDA, Antonio y FRANCISCO RAMIREZ-DAVILA, Jose, 2016, Spatial Distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter
solanacearum and Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Potato
(Solanum tuberosum L.). Southwestern Entomologist. Mar. 2016.
Vol. 41, no. 1, p. 105–114.
DOI: 10.3958/059.041.0112
Resumen: La
enfermedad de Zebra chip afecta la producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en
México y sur de Estados Unidos. Esta enfermedad se ha asociado con la bacteria
Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, transmitida por el psílido Bactericera
cockerelli (Sulc). Su control se basa en aplicaciones de insecticidas sobre las
parcelas, debido a que se desconoce la forma en que se distribuye espacialmente
la enfermedad y su vector. En este estudio se determinó la distribución
espacial de B. cockerelli y Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum con técnicas
geoestadísticas y la detección de la bacteria mediante técnicas moleculares. Al
final del ciclo del cultivo los centros de agregación de esta enfermedad no
coincidieron con los tres estadios del insecto ya que la agregación del adulto
se presentó en plantas asintomáticas. La incidencia de la enfermedad en una
parcela fue de 57%, mientras que en la otra 45%. En la parcela con menor
incidencia, de 66 plantas asintomáticas en 11 se detectó la presencia de la
bacteria. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, la distribución de Ca.
Liberibacter solanacearum y B. cockerelli presentaron diferentes tipos de
agregación. Los centros de agregación de la bacteria y el insecto no se
presentaron en el mismo punto, lo que sugiere que las diferentes alternativas
de manejo del insecto, no implican el control de la bacteria. Además indica la
presencia de infestaciones previas del vector, o bien la existencia de la
bacteria en la semilla utilizada.
Abstract: Zebra
chip disease affects the production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Mexico
and the southern United States. This disease has been associated with the
bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum and is vectored by the psyllid
Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). Its control is based on broadcast applications
of insecticide because the distribution of the disease and its vector is
unknown. In this study we determined the spatial distribution of B. cockerelli
and Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum with geostatistical techniques and detection
of bacterium by molecular techniques. At the end of the crop season, the
centers and aggregation of this disease did not coincide with the three stages
of the insect, because adults were aggregated in asymptomatic plants. The
disease incidence in plot 1 was 57%, whereas in plot 2 it was 45%. In plot 2,
the bacterium was detected in 11 of 66 asymptomatic plants. According to the
results, the distribution of Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum and B. cockerelli
presented different types of aggregation. Centers of aggregation of bacterium
and the insect did not occur at the same point.
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CORONEL-ROBLES, U.,
ORTEGA-CERRILLA, M. E., MENDOZA-MARTINEZ, G. D., ZETINA-CORDOBA, P.,
TORRES-ESQUEDA, M. T. S., MUNGUIA-AMECA, G. y TECO-JACOME, M. V., 2016, Productive response and progesterone concentration in
holstein heifers supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae(1077) or
Saccharomyces boulardii(1079). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences.
Feb. 2016. Vol. 26, no. 1, p. 17–24. URL: http://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/v-26-01/03.pdf
Resumen: The
objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplementating 10
g/animal/day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(1077) (SC1077) or Saccharomyces
boulardii(1079) (SB1079) on dry matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain (DWG),
feed efficiency (F:G), in vivo digestibility, pH, and rumen ammonia nitrogen
(NH3-N) concentration in rumen liquor, as well as progesterone concentration
(P-4). Twenty four, six-month old, Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to
three treatments (n=8): (T-1: Control; T-2:10 g/animal/day of SC1077; T-3:10
g/animal/day of SB1079). Samples of rumen liquor were taken at 60, 120 and 180
d of the experiment to determine pH and ammonia nitrogen. Determination of in
vivo digestibility of DM, NDF, ADF and N was carried out 14 days before the of
60, 120, and 180 d periods. Blood samples were taken to measure P-4
concentration. No differences (P > 0.05) were found for DMI, DWG, and F:G
from supplementing with S. cerevisiae. Similarly, no differences were reported
for rumen pH and rumen NH3-N concentration were not affected (P > 0.05), and
in vivo digestibility of DM, NDF, ADF and N (P > 0.05). The P-4
concentration was similar (P > 0.05) among the treatments. It is concluded
that supplementing Holstein heifers with SC1077 and SB1079 did not improve
heifers performance nor modified the progesterone concentration.
14 de 62
CRUZ-CARDENAS, Gustavo, LOPEZ-MATA, Lauro,
SILVA, Jose T., BERNAL-SANTANA, Nelly, ESTRADA-GODOY, Francisco y
LOPEZ-SANDOVAL, Jose A., 2016, Potential
distribution model of Pinaceae species under climate change scenarios in
Michoacan. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del
Ambiente. Ago. 2016. Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 135–148. DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2015.06.027.
Resumen:
Michoacán es el quinto estado con mayor diversidad de especies vegetales,
sobresaliendo por su riqueza en familias, géneros y especies de la flora
arbórea en México. Por lo anterior, en este trabajo se evaluó la distribución
potencial de 12 especies de Pinaceae en condiciones actuales y escenarios
futuros de cambio climático, mediante modelos de nicho ecológico. Se utilizaron
datos del clima actual, de escenarios futuros, de propiedades de suelos y el
modelo digital de elevación como predictores ambientales. El modelado se
realizó con el software Maxent, 75 % de los datos de presencia de las especies
se utilizó para el entrenamiento de los modelos y el 25 % restante para su
validación. Los grids de salida se clasificaron en tres categorías de áreas
para la distribución de las especies: no idónea, marginal e idónea. Los modelos
muestran que habrá una disminución de 16 y 40 % de áreas idóneas en los
horizontes 2015-2039 y 2075-2099, respectivamente. Las especies más afectadas
en la reducción de su distribución serán Abies religiosa, Pinus leiophylla y
Pinus teocote.
Abstract: Michoacan
is the fifth state with the greatest diversity of plant species, excelling due
to its richness in families, genera and species of flowering trees in Mexico.
Therefore, in this paper the potential distribution of 12 species of Pinaceae
was evaluated in current conditions and future climate change scenarios through
ecological niche models. Data on the current climate, future scenarios, soil
properties and digital elevation model were used as environmental predictors.
The modeling was done using the Maxent software. 75 % of the data on the
species presence was used for the training of the models and the remaining 25 %
for model validation. The output grids were classified into three categories of
area for the species distribution: unsuitable, marginal and suitable. The
models show that there will be a 1.6 to 40 % decrease in suitable areas in the
2015-2039 and 2075-2099 periods, respectively. The species most affected by the
decrease in their distribution will be Abies religiosa, Pinus leiophylla and
Pinus teocote.
15 de 62
DELGADO-GARCIA, Elsy María, CIBRIAN-TOVAR,
Juan, MANUEL GONZALEZ-CAMACHO, Juan, VALDEZ-CARRASCO, Jorge, PALEMON
TERAN-VARGAS, Antonio y AZUARA-DOMINGUEZ, Ausencio, 2016, Morphological
Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of Rhyssomatus nigerrimus
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Southwestern Entomologist. Mar.
2016. Vol. 41, no. 1, p. 225–240. DOI: 10.3958/059.041.0120.
Resumen: El picudo de la soya, Rhyssomatus
nigerrimus Fahraeus, es un insecto que daña plantaciones comerciales de soya,
Glycine max (L.) Merr. Este curculiónido al igual que otros insectos posee, en
sus antenas una diversidad de sensilas que le sirven para localizar a la
pareja, alimento y sitios de ovoposición. En el presente estudio se describe la
morfología de las antenas y sensilas de R. nigerrimus, mediante microscopía
electrónica de barrido. Los resultados indican que las antenas de ambos sexos
están formadas por un escapo, un pedicelo y un flagelo de nueve segmentos. Los
últimos tres segmentos se observan estrechamente unidos formando la maza
antenal. En el escapo se encontraron las sensilas falciformes y las sensilas
aplanadas estriadas tipo 3. Desde el escapo hasta el flagelómero número seis se
localizaron tres tipos de sensilas aplanadas, estriadas y las sensilas
tricoideas tipo 2. Mientras que en la maza antenal se encontraron dos tipos de
sensilas tricoideas, dos tipos de sensilas basicónicas, y los poros
cuticulares.
Abstract: The
soybean weevil, Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus, is an insect that damages
commercial plantations of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. This weevil like
other insects has in its antennae an array of sensilla used to locate potential
partners, food, and oviposition sites. Because of this, the objective of the
study was to use scanning electron microscopy to describe antennal and
sensillar morphology of R. nigerrimus. The antennae of both sexes consist of a
scape, pedicel, and flagellum of nine segments or flagellomeres. The last three
flagellomeres are tightly joined and form the club. On the scape, the falciform
sensilla and type 3 flattened-grooved sensilla were found. From the scape and
until the sixth flagellomere all three types of flattened-grooved sensilla and
type 2 trichoid sensilla were located, while on the club, two types of trichoid
sensilla, two types of basiconic sensilla, and cuticular pores were found.
16 de 62
DE LA CRUZ-GARCIA, Hector, LOPEZ-MARTINEZ,
Victor, ALIA-TEJACAL, Iran, GUILLEN-SANCHEZ, Dagoberto, ANDRADE-RODRIGUEZ,
Maria, EMILIO ALVAREZ-VARGAS, Juan y CAMPOS-FIGUEROA, Manuel, 2016, Population Dynamics of Mexican Rice Borer, Eoreuma
loftini (Dyar), Using a Pheromone Trap System in Sugarcane, Saccharum
officinarum L., in Morelos, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist.
Mar. 2016. Vol. 41, no. 1, p. 15–20. DOI: 10.3958/059.041.0103
Resumen: El
barrenador Mexicano del arroz, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae),
es una de las plagas más importantes de la caña de azúcar Saccharum officinarum
L. en México, sin embargo se desconoce la dinámica poblacional de adultos de la
especie en Morelos. En 2013, fueron colectados 11,282 palomillas machos, con el
mayor número en Este y Oeste del estado. También, se observaron dos picos
poblacionales, el primero en época de secas (Febrero-Junio) y el segundo en la
época de lluvias (Octubre-Diciembre). Se discute la necesidad de monitorear a
este barrenador como parte de un programa de Manejo Integrado de Plagas.
Abstract: The
Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of
the most important pests of sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., in Mexico, but
the population dynamics of the adult are not known for conditions in the state
of Morelos. During the 2013 season, 11,282 adult males were caught, with the
largest number of adults trapped on the eastern and western sides of the state.
Two population peaks were observed, the first during the dry season
(February-June) and the second during the rainy season (October December).
Implementing monitoring of this stalk borer as part of an integrated pest
management program is discussed.
17 de 62
DE LA CRUZ-ZAPATA, Gabriela, GARCIA-LOPEZ,
Eustolia, SANCHEZ-SOTO, Saul, BAUTISTA-MARTINEZ, Nestor, JAVIER ORTIZ-DIAZ,
Juan y OSORIO-OSORIO, Rodolfo, 2016, Identity of
Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) and their Hosts in Sugarcane Fields in
Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist. Mar. 2016.
Vol. 41, no. 1, p. 145–151. DOI: 10.3958/059.041.0116
Resumen: Salivazo
o mosca pinta aplica a varias especies de insectos de la familia Cercopidae,
que constituyen una importante plaga de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum sp.) en el
trópico mexicano, las cuales suelen completar su ciclo de vida en otras plantas
que se desarrollan como arvenses. El objetivo de esta investigación fue
identificar las especies de mosca pinta y de arvenses hospederas de éstas,
confinando 127 ninfas, de las que se colectaron 76 adultos, 51 de Aeneolamia
contigua Walker, y 25 de Prosapia simulans Walker, localizadas en 13 especies
de plantas arvenses. La mayor abundancia de especies de mosca pinta se encontró
en Paspalum fasciculatum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, y Pennisetum purpureum.
Aeneolamia contigua se reporta por primera vez en Panicum laxum, Pennisetum
setaceum y Urochloa fusca, y Prosapia simulans en U. fusca y Synedrella
nodiflora, esta última es el primer registro de una planta que no es Poaceae.
Abstract: Spittlebug
apply to more than one species of insects of the Cercopidae family, an
important pest of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) plantations in the Mexican tropics,
which typically complete their life cycle in other plants that grow like weeds.
The aim of this research was to identify both spittlebugs and their host weed
species by confining 127 nymphs on exclusions of wire and mesh; 76 adult
spittlebugs were captured, 51 Aeneolamia contigua Walker and 25 Prosapia
simulans Walker, in 13 species of weeds. The most abundant species was found in
Paspalum fasciculatum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, and Pennisetum purpureum.
Aeneolamia contigua is reported for the first time in Panicum laxum, Pennisetum
setaceum, and Urochloa fusca and Prosapia simulans in U. fusca and Synedrella
nodiflora.
18 de 62
DE-LOS-ANGELES
MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ, Esau, LOBATO-ORTIZ, Ricardo, GARCIA-ZAVALA, J. Jesus y
REYES-LOPEZ, Delfino, 2016, Heterosis in
crosses among bell pepper-shaped mexican native tomato (Solanum lycopersicum
L.) lines and saladette type lines. Revista
Fitotecnia Mexicana. Mar. 2016. Vol. 39, no. 1, p. 67–77.
Resumen: En
México el tomate o jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una de las hortalizas
de mayor importancia por su superficie cultivada, por las divisas y el número
de empleos que genera, y por su valor alimenticio y cultural. Sin embargo, el
material nativo mexicano “criollo” se ha estudiado poco en cuanto a su
rendimiento, calidad, resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos, y en su
potencial como fuente de germoplasma en programas de mejoramiento genético. En
este trabajo se evaluó el comportamiento heterótico de 40 cruzas formadas entre
10 líneas S5 derivadas de colectas de jitomate nativo mexicano tipo pimiento,
localmente llamado “chino criollo”, y cuatro líneas S5 derivadas de híbridos
comerciales de jitomate tipo “saladette”. El experimento se estableció en
condiciones de invernadero e hidroponía, en un diseño experimental de bloques
completos al azar con tres repeticiones y cinco plantas por repetición. Las
variables que se registraron fueron peso total de fruto (PTF), peso promedio de
fruto (PPF), número total de frutos (NTF), firmeza del fruto (FF), número de
flores del tercer racimo (NFR3), número de racimos por planta (NRP) y días a
floración del primer racimo (DF1). Hubo diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.01)
entre genotipos, cruzas, líneas y grupos de materiales para la mayoría de las
variables. La cruza de mayor rendimiento fue LOR111R, con 3624 g/planta,
seguida del testigo El Cid con 34529 g/planta. En las variables PMF, NTF y NRP
las cruzas al menos igualaron y en algunos casos superaron al híbrido testigo.
Se obtuvieron valores positivos de heterosis media para la mayoría de las
variables, excepto en días a floración. En el rendimiento de fruto la heterosis
media varió de -21.8 a 111.2 %, mientras que para PPF fue de -13 a 80.7 %. Los
resultados del comportamiento per se de las líneas y de sus cruzamientos
indican una amplia divergencia genética, la cual se reflejó en altos
rendimiento y alta heterosis media que se pueden aprovechar en programas de
mejoramiento genético de jitomate.
Abstract: Tomato
(Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables cultivated in
Mexico due to its cultivated surface, its commodity status, the number of jobs
required for production, and its nutritional and cultural value. However,
little is known about the native Mexican landraces in terms of yield
performance, fruit quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, and their
potential as a source of germplasm for plant breeding programs. In this work,
heterotic performance of 40 crosses formed among 10 S5 lines derived from
Mexican native tomato pepper type accessions, locally called “Chino Criollo”,
and four S5 lines originated from commercial hybrids of “saladette” type was
evaluated. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse and hydroponics conditions,
in a randomized complete block design with three replications and five plants
per replication. Traits evaluated were total weight of fruit (PTF), average
fruit weight (PPF), total number of fruits (NTF), fruit firmness (FF), number
of flowers in the third cluster (NFR3), number of clusters per plant (NRP), and
days to flowering in the first cluster (DF1). There were significant
differences (P <= 0.01) between genotypes, crosses, lines and groups of
genetic materials for most variables. The cross with the highest yield was
LOR111R with 3624 g plant(-1), followed by the control variety El Cid, with
3452 g plant(-1). For traits PPF, NTF and NRP, there were some crosses that at
least equaled and in some cases exceeded the values of the hybrid control
variety. Positive values for mean heterosis were obtained in most variables,
except for days to flowering. For fruit yield the mean heterosis ranged from
-21.8. to 111.2 %, whereas for PPF it was -13 to 80.7 %. Results for the per se
performance of the lines and their crosses show great genetic divergence among
native genetic materials, which was reflected in high yields and high mean
heterosis that can be exploited in tomato breeding programs.
19 de 62
DE LOS RIOS-CARMENADO,
Ignacio, BECERRIL-HERNANDEZ, Hilario and RIVERA, Maria, 2016, Ecological Agriculture and Its Inluence on Rural
Prosperity: An Agricultural Company’s Vision (murcia, Spain). Agrociencia.
Mayo 2016. Vol. 50, no. 3, p. 375–389. URL: http://www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2016/abr-may/art-10.pdf
Resumen: La
agricultura ecológica (AE) es una tendencia
global que busca una relación
natural y amigable con el ambiente para fomentar la
biodiversidad vegetal y
animal. El debate
de la AE frente a la agricultura
convencional se ha discutido a nivel internacional en numerosas
investigaciones. Sin embargo, pocos estudios
se han centrado
en abordar los
efectos de la AE en relación con el concepto de
prosperidad rural. En este artículo
se analiza, desde
un proceso de
aprendizaje de casi
40 años de experiencia de una Sociedad Agraria de Transformación (SAT),
la relación entre
la AE y su
influencia en la prosperidad rural. La metodología aplicada
parte del modelo Working With People
(WWP), integrando el
conocimiento experto y
experimentado a lo largo de las acciones de la SAT. La experiencia se centra en
una de las regiones de España con mayor superficie de cultivo dedicada a la AE.
Los resultados evidencian los efectos que tiene la AE en las distintas
dimensiones de la prosperidad rural. La generación de confianza y el trabajo
con la gente son las principales premisas que permiten generar prosperidad y
desarrollo rural con una visión de sostenibilidad
Abstract Ecological
agriculture (EA) is a global tendency that seeks a natural and friendly
relationship with the environment to promote plant and animal biodiversity. The
debate of the EA in the face of conventional agriculture has been discussed
internationally in numerous investigations. However, few studies have focused
on tackling the effects of EA in relation with the concept of rural prosperity.
This article analyzes, from a learning process of over 40 years of experience
of an Agricultural Transformation Company (ATC), the relationship between EA
and its influence on rural prosperity. The methodology applied is based on the
Working With People (WWP) model, integrating the expert knowledge experimented
through SAT’s actions. The experience is centered on one of Spain’s regions
with the greatest crop surface dedicated to EA. Results show the effects that
EA has on different dimensions of rural prosperity. The creation of trust and
working with people are the main premises that help bring about rural
prosperity and development with a vision of sustainability.
20 de 62
FERRIOL, I., TURINA, M.,
ZAMORA-MACORRA, E. J. y FALK, B. W., 2016, RNA1-Independent
Replication and GFP Expression from Tomato marchitez virus Isolate M Cloned
cDNA. Phytopathology. Mayo 2016. Vol. 106, no. 5,
p. 500–509. DOI 10.1094/PHYTO-10-15-0267-R.
Tomato marchitez virus
(ToMarV; synonymous with Tomato apex necrosis virus) is a positive-strand RNA
virus in the genus Torradovirus within the family Secoviridae. ToMarV is an
emergent whitefly-transmitted virus that causes important diseases in tomato
(Solanum lycopersicum) in Mexico. Here, the genome sequence of the ToMarV
isolate M (ToMarV-M) was determined. We engineered full-length cDNA clones of
the ToMarV-M genomic RNA (RNA1 and RNA2), separately, into a binary vector.
Coinfiltration of both triggered systemic infections in Nicotiana benthamiana,
tomato, and tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) plants and recapitulated the biological
activity of the wild-type virus. The viral progeny generated from tomato and
tomatillo plants were transmissible by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B.
Also, we assessed whether these infectious clones could be used for screening
tomato cultivars for resistance to ToMarV and our results allowed us to
differentiate resistant and susceptible tomato lines. We demonstrated that RNA1
of ToMarV-M is required for the replication of RNA2, and it can replicate
independently of RNA2. From this, ToMarV-M RNA2 was used to express the green
fluorescent protein in N. benthamiana plants, which allowed us to track
cell-to-cell movement. The construction of full-length infectious cDNA clones
of ToMarV-M provides an excellent tool to investigate virus host vector
interactions and elucidate the functions of torradovirus-encoded proteins or
the mechanisms of replication of torradovirus genomic RNA.
21 de 62
GARCIA-MENDEZ, Victor H.,
ORTEGA-ARENAS, Laura D., VILLANUEVA-JIMENEZ, Juan A. and SANCHEZ-ARROYO,
Hussein, 2016, Susceptibility of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (hemiptera: liviidae) to insecticides, in
Veracruz, Mexico. Agrociencia. May 2016. Vol. 50, no. 3, p.
355–365. URL: www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2016/abr-may/art-8.pdf
Resumen: El
manejo de la enfermedad bacteriana de los cítricos Huanglongbing (HLB) es más
efectivo si se enfoca al control del insecto vector en Áreas Regionales de
Control (ARCO). Para apoyar la estrategia de manejo regional de insecticidas se
determinó la susceptibilidad de dos poblaciones de Diaphorina citri a los
insecticidas endosulfán, dimetoato, imidacloprid, malatión, metomilo,
abamectina y lambda-cialotrina. El imidacloprid formulado como producto
comercial se evaluó por absorción sistémica en plántulas de naranja (Citrus
sinensis L.) cv. Valencia. Los demás productos formulados en grado técnico se
evaluaron por aplicación tópica en diluciones con acetona. La mortalidad se
registró 24 h después de aplicar los insecticidas. Para cada producto se obtuvo
la DL50 o CL50 mediante análisis Probit y se calculó el factor de resistencia.
La colonia Cazones fue susceptible a los siete insecticidas evaluados, por lo
que estos valores se proponen como base para la vigilancia de la resistencia.
La población de Martínez también mostró susceptibilidad a abamectina,
endosulfán, lambda-cialotrina, imidacloprid y malatión, y resistencia a
dimetoato (87.52 X) y metomilo (83.58 X).
Abstract: The
management of the citrus bacterial disease Huanglongbing (HLB) is more
effective when focused on the control of the insect vector in Regional Control
Areas (RCA). To support the regional management strategy of insecticides,
susceptibility of two Diaphorina citri populations to the insecticides
endosulfan, dimethoate, imidacloprid, malathion, methomyl, abamectin and
lambdacyhalothrin was determined. Imidacloprid formulated as a commercial product
was evaluated by systemic absorption in orange seedlings (Citrus sinensis L.)
cv. Valencia. The other technical grade formulated products were evaluated by
topical application in dilutions with acetone. Mortality was registered 24 h
after applying the insecticides. For each product the LD50 or LC50 was obtained
through Probit analysis and the resistance factor was calculated. Cazones
colony was susceptible to the seven insecticides evaluated, thus these values
are proposed as a baseline for monitoring resistance. Martinez population also
showed susceptibility to abamectin, endosulfan, lambda-cyhalothrin,
imidacloprid and malathion, and resistance to dimethoate (87.52 X) and methomyl
(83.58 X).
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FIGUEROA-CASTRO, Pedro,
RODRIGUEZ-REBOLLAR, Hilda, GONZALEZ-HERNANDEZ, Hector, FERNANDO SOLIS-AGUILAR,
Juan, IGNACIO DEL REAL-LABORDE, Jose, LUIS CARRILLO-SANCHEZ, Jose y ROJAS,
Julio C., 2016, Attraction range and inter-trap
distance of pheromone-baited traps for monitoring Scyphophorus acupunctatus
(Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) on blue agave. Florida
Entomologist. Mar. 2016. Vol. 99, no. 1, p. 94–99. DOI: 10.1653/024.099.0117
Resumen:
Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) es la plaga
insectil de mayor importancia en agaves silvestres y cultivados en México. Para
el manejo de este picudo es importante tener un método de muestreo para
monitorear su densidad poblacional, pero debido a que todo su ciclo biológico
ocurre en el interior de la planta, su muestreo es difícil; así, el uso de
trampas con feromona sintética es una opción para su monitoreo. En este
estudio, se investigó el radio de atracción de trampas cebadas con feromona
sintética y tejido de agave para la captura de S. acupunctatus, mediante la
técnica de captura-marcaje-liberación y recaptura. También se evaluaron
diferentes distancias entre trampas para el monitoreo de este insecto. Se
encontró que las trampas cebadas con feromona sintética y tejido de agave
atrajeron a S. acupunctatus hasta en un rango de 120 m. Adicionalmente,
encontramos que el punto cardinal en donde se liberaron los insectos afectan la
recaptura de los picudos. En cuanto a distancia entre trampas, se encontró que
las trampas colocadas a las mayores distancias entre sí capturaron más picudos.
Así, las trampas colocadas a las mayores distancias evaluadas (100, 200 o 250
m) capturaron más picudos que las trampas colocadas a menores distancias. En
base a los resultados de este estudio, para el monitoreo de S. acupunctatus se
sugiere usar estas trampas cebadas con feromona sintética y tejido de agave a
una densidad de una trampa por cada 6 hectáreas de agave tequilero.
Abstract: Scyphophorus
acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is one of the most
important insect pests of wild and cultivated agaves in Mexico. For managing
this weevil, it is important to have a method for detecting and sampling its
population density. The weevil’s life cycle takes place inside the agave plant,
which makes sampling of the weevil difficult. The use of traps baited with
synthetic pheromone plus agave tissue is a useful tool for sampling the
population density of this pest. Using the capture-mark-release-recapture
method, we investigated the attraction range of traps baited with synthetic
pheromone plus agave tissue to capture S. acupunctatus. We also evaluated
several inter-trap distances to determine the best density of traps for
monitoring this insect. Our results showed that these traps attracted S.
acupunctatus up to a range of 120 m. In addition, we found that the cardinal
point at which weevils were released affected their recapture. The results also
showed that, in general, experiments with the longest inter-trap distances
captured the most weevils. Thus, traps placed at 100 m in the 1st experiment,
200 m in the 2nd experiment, and 250 m in the 3rd experiment captured more
weevils than traps placed at shorter distances. Based on our results of
attraction range and inter-trap distances, we suggest that these
pheromone-baited traps could be used for monitoring S. acupunctatus at
densities of 1 trap per 6 ha of blue agave crop.
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GIESE, W. Gill, WOLF, Tony
K., VELASCO-CRUZ, Ciro y ROBERTS, Lucas, 2016, Cover
Crop and Root Pruning Effects on the Rooting Pattern of SO4 Rootstock Grafted
to Cabernet Sauvignon. American Journal of Enology and
Viticulture. Ene. 2016. Vol. 67, no. 1, p. 105–115. DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2015.15066.
Resumen: Root
biomass, root intercepts, and root length density of SO4 rootstock grafted to
Cabernet Sauvignon and exposed to under-trellis cover cropping (CC) and with or
without root pruning (RP or NRP, respectively) were evaluated over three years.
The CC treatments included tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) varieties
KY-31, with and without RP, Elite II without RP, and an 0.9 m wide,
under-trellis herbicide strip with KY-31 fescue interrows, with and without RP.
Around 70% of grapevine root biomass was observed at <= 60 cm soil depth,
regardless of treatment or year. KY-31 fescue/NRP vines had the most (96%) root
biomass at <= 60 cm soil depth in 2008. Rooting depth distributions were
fitted to the model Y = (1 - beta(d)), where d is soil depth (cm), Y is the
cumulative root fraction from the soil surface to depth d, and the unknown
parameter beta is a measure of soil vertical root distribution used as a
response variable to test for treatment differences. All root distributions
across treatments and years, except KY-31 fescue/NRP in 2008, generated beta
values greater than 0.970, similar to beta values from other root distribution
studies. The modest treatment impact on root biomass and distribution suggests
that these mature grapevines adapted to CC and annual RP in this environment,
and partially explains the minimal impact on soil water content and vine water
potential previously reported from this experiment.
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GONZÁLEZ-CAMACHO, Juan Manuel, CROSSA, Jose,
PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ, Paulino, ORNELLA, Leonardo y GIANOLA, Daniel, 2016, Genome-enabled prediction using probabilistic neural
network classifiers. Bmc Genomics. 9 Mar.
2016. Vol. 17, p. 208. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2553-1.
Resumen: Background:
Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN)
have been shown to be effective in genome-enabled prediction. Here, we
evaluated and compared the classification performance of an MLP classifier
versus that of a probabilistic neural network (PNN), to predict the probability
of membership of one individual in a phenotypic class of interest, using
genomic and phenotypic data as input variables. We used 16 maize and 17 wheat
genomic and phenotypic datasets with different trait-environment combinations
(sample sizes ranged from 290 to 300 individuals) with 1.4 k and 55 k SNP
chips. Classifiers were tested using continuous traits that were categorized
into three classes (upper, middle and lower) based on the empirical
distribution of each trait, constructed on the basis of two percentiles (15-85
% and 30-70 %). We focused on the 15 and 30 % percentiles for the upper and
lower classes for selecting the best individuals, as commonly done in genomic
selection. Wheat datasets were also used with two classes. The criteria for
assessing the predictive accuracy of the two classifiers were the area under
the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the area under the
precision-recall curve (AUCpr). Parameters of both classifiers were estimated
by optimizing the AUC for a specific class of interest. Results: The AUC and
AUCpr criteria provided enough evidence to conclude that PNN was more accurate
than MLP for assigning maize and wheat lines to the correct upper, middle or
lower class for the complex traits analyzed. Results for the wheat datasets
with continuous traits split into two and three classes showed that the
performance of PNN with three classes was higher than with two classes when
classifying individuals into the upper and lower (15 or 30 %) categories.
Conclusions: The PNN classifier outperformed the MLP classifier in all 33
(maize and wheat) datasets when using AUC and AUCpr for selecting individuals
of a specific class. Use of PNN with Gaussian radial basis functions seems
promising in genomic selection for identifying the best individuals.
Categorizing continuous traits into three classes generally provided better classification
than when using two classes, because classification accuracy improved when
classes were balanced.
25 de 62
GONZALEZ, M., FIGUEROA, J.
L., VAQUERA, H., SANCHEZ-TORRES, M. T., ORTEGA, M. E., COPADO, J. M. F. y
MARTINEZ, J. A., 2016, Meta-analysis of
the effect of low protein diets for finishing barrows. Archivos
De Medicina Veterinaria. 2016. Vol. 48, no. 1,
p. 51–59.
Resumen: Se
realizó un metaanálisis con datos originales de siete experimentos con 222
cerdos híbridos en finalización alojados individualmente con peso vivo inicial
promedio de 52,69±3,74 kg, alimentados con dietas bajas en proteína. Se evaluó
el comportamiento productivo, las características de la canal y la
concentración de urea en plasma. Se realizó análisis de varianza y de regresión
utilizando un modelo de superficie de respuesta mediante RSREG de SAS (2009),
considerando nivel de proteína cruda (PC) y efecto del experimento, año, época
del año, tipo y nivel del aditivo alimenticio agregado. Se determinaron los
niveles óptimos de PC (12,8, 11,3 y 9,5%), corroborándolos con un experimento
adicional utilizando 36 cerdos híbridos en finalización con 54,01 kg de peso
inicial durante 42 días. La ganancia diaria de peso, consumo diario de
alimento, conversión alimenticia, peso final, ganancia de carne magra,
porcentaje de carne magra, área del músculo longissimus y concentración de urea
en plasma, no se afectan (P > 0,05) con 11,5% de PC pero al disminuir la PC
hasta 9,5% sí son afectadas (P ≤ 0,05); el grosor de la grasa dorsal aumenta
cuando disminuye la PC (P < 0,05). Al corroborar los niveles óptimos de PC
no hubo diferencias en ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, peso final y
ganancia de carne magra (P ≤ 0,05) al bajar la PC hasta 11,5%. Para grasa
dorsal, área del músculo longissimus y porcentaje de carne magra no hubo
diferencias (P > 0,05) al reducir la proteína de 12,8 hasta 9,5%. La
concentración de urea en plasma se redujo (P ≤ 0,05) al disminuir la PC de la
dieta. La reducción de proteína en la dieta hasta 11,5% no afecta negativamente
las variables analizadas.
Abstract: A
meta-analysis was carried out using individually pig data from seven
experiments involving 222 hybrid finishing pigs with initial body weight of
52.69 +/- 3.74 kg, individually housed, fed low-protein diets. Growth
performance, carcass characteristics and plasma urea nitrogen concentration
were evaluated. An analysis of variance and regression using a response surface
model with RSREG procedure of SAS (2009) were performed considering level of
crude protein (CP), effect of the experiment, year, time of year, type and
level food additive supplemented. Optimum levels of CP were determined (12.8,
11.3 and 9.5%) and corroborated through an additional experiment using 36
hybrid finishing pigs with 54.01 kg of initial weight, during 42 days. Average
daily gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion, final weight, gain lean meat,
lean meat percentage, longissimus muscle area and plasma urea nitrogen
concentration were not affected (P > 0.05) at a concentration of 11.5% CP,
however, with 9.5% PC these variables were affected (P <= 0.05); backfat
increased by lowering CP (P <= 0.05). In the experiment to corroborate
optimal levels of PC, there were no differences (P > 0.05) for weight gain,
feed intake, final weight and gain lean to lower the PC diet to 11.5%. For
backfat, longissimus muscle area and lean meat percentage there were no
differences (P > 0.05) when decreasing prot to 12.8 9.5% PC. Plasma urea
concentration was lowered (P <= 0.05) to decrease the PC diet. Reducing
dietary protein to 11.5% does not adversely affect the variables analysed.
26 de 62
GONZÁLEZ-VALDEZ, Eduardo,
ALARCÓN, Alejandro, FERRERA-CERRATO, Ronald, RENE VEGA-CARRILLO, Héctor,
MALDONADO-VEGA, María y ANGEL SALAS-LUEVANO, Miguel, 2016, Seed
Germination and Seedling Growth of Five Plant Species for Assessing Potential
Strategies to Stabilizing or Recovering Metals from Mine Tailings. Water
Air and Soil Pollution. Ene. 2016. Vol. 227, no. 1. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2724-8.
Resumen: This
study evaluated the seed germination and dry mass accumulation of five plant
species (Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L., Celosia cristata L., Tagetes
erecta L., and Calendula officinalis L.) grown in five mine tailings collected
from Zacatecas, Mexico. Sampled mines were El Bote, Noria de San Pantaleon,
Noria de Angeles, Vetagrande, and El Bordo-El Lampotal, in which Pb (3.9-69.7
mg kg (1)), As (0.726.2 mg kg(-1)), Hg (0.05-0.10 mg kg(-1)), and Au (0.010.02
mg kg(-1)) were detected. The most abundant elements at each mine site were as
follows: Pb and Au (3.9 and 0.023 mg kg(-1), respectively) for El Bote; As, Pb,
and Hg (7.4, 6.1, and 0.10 mg kg(-1), respectively) for the Noria de San
Pantaleon; Pb, As, and Hg (69.7, 26.2, and 0.08 mg kg(-1), respectively) for
Noria de Angeles; Pb (20.8 mg kg(-1)) for Vetagrande; and Pb (5.3 mg kg(-1))
for El Bordo-El Lampotal. Both Noria de Angeles and Vetagrande mine tailings
had high values of sodium, sulfates, and electrical conductivity, chemical
properties that impaired seed germination and dry mass accumulation. Regardless
the mining tailings, B. napus showed high seed germination (66 %), tolerance,
growth, and total dry mass accumulation (0.041 g). Either B. napus or C.
cristata has good potential for stabilizing or recovering metals from mine
tailings.
27 de 62
HANAN-A, Ana M., VIBRANS,
Heike, IVALU CACHO, N., VILLASENOR, Jose L., ORTIZ, Enrique y GOMEZ-G, Vinicio
A., 2016, Use of herbarium data to evaluate
weediness in five congeners. Aob Plants. 2016. Vol. 8,
p. plv144. DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv144.
Resumen: It is
often desirable to quantify a plant’s relative weediness or synanthropy, that
is, the degree to which a species associates with human-caused disturbance, in
order to study and understand the biology, ecology and evolution of weeds and
invasive plants. Herbarium specimens are among the most accessible and
verifiable sources of data on distribution and habitat. However, the habitat
distribution of species may not be reflected accurately by herbarium specimen
data, due towell-known biases in plant collection. Here, we assess how well
herbarium specimens reflect species’ weediness, when compared with direct field
surveys. We used five species of Melampodium (Asteraceae) and classified their
degree of weediness with a modification of Nuorteva’s synanthropy index, based
on herbarium specimens. We then modelled the distribution of our focal species
in Mexico using MaxEnt and identified a polygon of similar to 3000 km(2) in the
state of Nayarit, Mexico, where there was a high probability of finding all
five species. Systematic field searches in the target area documented all
visible populations of four species along major and minor roads. Then we,
again, classified their degree of weediness with the synanthropy index, based
now on field data, and compared. We found that herbarium data were an accurate
predictor of a species’ weediness relative to its congeners despite the
well-documented skew of herbarium data towards natural areas, which our data
reflected as well. So, herbarium data can be used to classify species’
weediness relative to each other, but not in absolute terms, if the specimens
were correctly identified and none of the species were subject to particular
collection bias. This study is the first attempt to compare herbarium and field
data on this subject and may be relevant for other types of investigations
based on herbarium data. Our work also highlights the usefulness of
distribution models based on herbarium specimens.
28 de 62
HERNANDEZ-DOMINGUEZ, C., GUZMAN-FRANCO, A.
W., CARRILLO-BENITEZ, M. G., ALATORRE-ROSAS, R., RODRIGUEZ-LEYVA, E. y
VILLANUEVA-JIMENEZ, J. A., 2016, Specific Diversity
of Metarhizium Isolates Infecting Aeneolamia spp. (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in Sugarcane Plantations. Neotropical
Entomology. Feb. 2016. Vol. 45, no. 1, p. 80–87. DOI: 10.1007/s13744-015-0337-y.
Resumen: Spittlebugs
from the genus Aeneolamia are important pests of sugarcane. Although the use of
the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizum anisopliae s.l. for control of this pest
is becoming more common in Mexico, fundamental information regarding M.
anisopliae in sugarcane plantations is practically non-existent. Using
phylogenetic analysis, we determined the specific diversity of Metarhizium spp.
infecting adult spittlebugs in sugarcane plantations from four Mexican states.
We obtained 29 isolates of M. anisopliae s.str. Haplotype network analysis
revealed the existence of eight haplotypes. Eight selected isolates,
representing the four Mexican states, were grown at different temperatures in
vitro; isolates from Oaxaca achieved the greatest growth followed by isolates
from Veracruz, San Luis Potosi and Tabasco. No relationship was found between
in vitro growth and haplotype diversity. Our results represent a significant
contribution to the better understanding of the ecology of Metarhizum spp. in
the sugarcane agroecosystem.
29 de 62
HERNANDEZ-DOMINGUEZ,
Carmela, DE LOURDES CERROBLANCO-BAXCAJAY, Maria, ALVARADO-ARAGON, Luis U.,
HERNANDEZ-LOPEZ, Gonzalo y GUZMAN-FRANCO, Ariel W., 2016, Comparison
of the relative efficacy of an insect baiting method and selective media for
diversity studies of Metarhizium species in the soil. Biocontrol
Science and Technology. 2016. Vol. 26, no. 5, p. 707–717.
DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2016.1152458.
Resumen: Metarhizium
are a commonly occurring group of entomopathogenic fungi normally found in
soil. The most common methods to assess the diversity of Metarhizium species in
soil are (i) the use of selective media and (ii) insect baiting using Galleria
mellonella larvae. We compared the recovery efficiency from soil of four common
species of Metarhizium (Metarhizium anisopliae, Metarhizium pingshaense,
Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium robertsii) using these two methods.
Firstly, we compared the number of colony forming units (CFU) produced in vitro
when grown on two selective media, one containing chloramphenicol,
thiabendazole and cycloheximidethe (CTC) and one based on the fungicide dodine
(n-dodecylguanidine acetate) (DOD). Secondly, we artificially inoculated
natural/non-sterile soil with the four fungal species at a rate of 2x10(2) and
2x10(3) conidia g(-1) of soil, baited with G. mellonella, and processed for
evaluation using the selective media. The in vitro results showed that the
greatest number of CFUs were recorded for M. brunneum. In contrast, when
inoculated into soil, more G. mellonella larvae became infected by M.
anisopliae. Finally, when using selective media, most CFUs recovered were for
M. robertsii. The importance of our results in selecting a method to study the
natural occurrence of Metarhizium in soil are discussed.
30 de 62
HERNÁNDEZ-PÉREZ, Armando, VALDEZ-AGUILAR,
Luis A., VILLEGAS-TORRES, Oscar G., ALIA-TEJACAL, Iran, TREJO-TELLEZ, Libia I. y
SAINZ-AISPURO, Manuel de J., 2016, Effects of
ammonium and calcium on lisianthus growth. Horticulture
Environment and Biotechnology. Abril 2016. Vol. 57,
no. 2, p. 123–131. DOI: 10.1007/s13580-016-0004-1.
Resumen: The
objective of the present study was to determine the influence of ammonium (NH4
(+)) (0% and 50% of total nitrogen, N) in combination with calcium (Ca) on the
growth of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) in perlite cultures. Ammonium
significantly improved leaf area, stem diameter, flower buds, and chlorophyll
content (SPAD index) while increasing levels of Ca resulted in decreased leaf
area, and chlorophyll contents. Application of NH4 (+) increased dry weight
(DW) of stems, leaves and flowers with a reduction in root DW. In contrast,
increased Ca caused a decrease in DW of all plant parts, except flowers.
Decreased photosynthesis in NH4 (+) -fed plants was associated with a decrease
in magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) uptake, and an increase in phosphorus (P)
and sulfur (S) uptake. The potentially deleterious effect of this nutrient
imbalance was counteracted by allocating more K and Mg to the shoot and
flowers. The ability of lisianthus to shift the allocation of nutrients to
sensitive plant parts may explain the tolerance of this species to high NH4
(+). Ammonium was associated with decreased peroxidase and catalase activities,
suggesting that plants were under oxidative stress. Plants typically respond to
high NH4 (+) nutrition by decreasing the uptake of Ca; however, in our study,
increasing Ca and NH4 (+) resulted in increased Ca uptake, reaching toxic
concentrations in shoot tissues.
31 de 62
LOPEZ-GARCIA, Raul, MATA-GONZALEZ, Ricardo,
BLANCO-MACIAS, Fidel, DE JESUS MENDEZ-GALLEGOS, Santiago y DAVID VALDEZ-CEPEDA,
Ricardo, 2016, Fruit attributes dependence on fruiting
cladode dry or fresh matter in Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller variety “Rojo Pelon.” Scientia
Horticulturae. 20 Abril 2016. Vol. 202, p. 57–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.02.028.
Resumen: The
wide range of environmental conditions in which Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)
Miller grows implies a great variability in fruit yield and fruit ripening,
among other aspects. There is scarce scientific knowledge about fruit yield and
fruit quality dependence on within-tree factors such as plant architecture,
fruiting cladode position and cladode characteristics, especially over multiple
growing seasons. In this work, we addressed the dependence of fruit attributes
to the weight of fruiting cladodes for the “Rojo Pelo n” variety using the
boundary line approach and including a 3-year database (2012-2014). Our results
suggest that 14.4 g to 33 g (depending on the year) could be the minimum
fruiting cladode dry weight (CDW) required for producing fruits. In general,
above 156 g CDW or cladode excess dry weight, the number of fruits per cladode
decreased. Considering data from the three years, cladodes with 1497 g of fresh
weight were able to produce mean fruit weight per fruiting cladode (MFWC) of
154 g. The maximum load (1602 g) occurred on fruiting cladodes with 1629 g of
fresh matter, and corresponded to 2014. These fruiting cladodes grew during
2013, the wettest year of the study (rainfall of 556.2 mm). Remarkably,
fruiting cladode excess dry and fresh matter required for producing fruit could
be important factors to avoid high variation between productivity levels in
successive years. These attributes may be convenient indexes for predicting
which cladode will produce fruits. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.
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MARTINEZ-TREJO, Elizabeth, SANCHEZ-ESCUDERO,
Julio, PEREZ-PANDURO, Alejandro, CASTILLEJOS-CRUZ, Carlos y RAMIREZ-VALVERDE,
Gustavo, 2016, Impact of Hylesinus mexicanus (Wood)
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Olive Orchards in lxmiquilpan, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Southwestern Entomologist. Mar. 2016. Vol. 41, no. 1,
p. 241–250. DOI: 10.3958/059.041.0121
Resumen:
Hylesinus mexicanus, recientemente listado como uno más de los escolítidos que atacan
al olivo, está presente sobre este cultivo, por ahora, solo en Ixmiquilpan,
Hidalgo, México. Para conocer su impacto en el cultivo se evaluó mensualmente
su incidencia, intensidad de daño y dinámica poblacional en nueve huertas de
esa región. Este insecto afectó entre 0 y 39% de las ramas (promedio 18%) con
una intensidad de 0.45 y 7.42 orificios/rama y afectando al 4.9% de los
árboles. La mayor abundancia de adultos ocurrió entre diciembre y abril,
coincidiendo con el periodo de estiaje, una abundancia menor entre mayo y
agosto y completa ausencia entre septiembre y octubre. Como factores de su
abundancia se identificó el estrés por sequía y los restos de poda dejados en
las huertas. Además se observó que coloniza árboles de vivero, lo cual constituye
un medio de dispersión. Se observó su reproducción en el tronco de un olivo
recientemente podado y con diámetro de 30 cm. El daño de otras plagas
(filófagas) alcanzó al 13% de las hojas de los brotes nuevos, donde ocasionó la
pérdida del 7% de la extensión foliar.
Abstract: Hylesinus
mexicanus, recently listed as one of the pests in the family; Scolytidae
attacking olives, is currently present only in lxmiquilpan, Hidalgo, Mexico.?
To know its impact in this crop we evaluated its monthly incidence, intensity
ot damage, and population dynamics in nine orchards of this region. This
insecti affected between 0-39% of the branches ’(average of 18%) with an
intensity of 0.45) and 7.42 holes per branch, affecting 4.9% of the trees.
Adults were most abundanb between December and April, a time that coincides
with the dry season; less abundance was observed between May and August and
complete absence of the beetle during September and October. Some of the main
factors of this patterr could be drought and pruning debris left in orchards.
Furthermore, we observed that this beetle colonizes trees in nurseries, which
constitutes an important means of dispersion. We also noticed its reproduction
in a recently pruned olive trunk 30 cm in diameter. Damage by other organisms (leaf
feeding) reached 13% of leaves on new sprouts, resulting in the loss of 7% of
foliar extension.
33 de 62
MONTESINOS-HERRERO, Clara,
MOSCOSO-RAMIREZ, Pedro A. y PALOU, Lluis, 2016, Evaluation
of sodium benzoate and other food additives for the control of citrus
postharvest green and blue molds. Postharvest Biology and
Technology. Mayo 2016. Vol. 115, p. 72–80. DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.12.022.
Resumen: The
curative activity of the food additives dehydroacetic acid, dimethyl
dicarbonate, ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, sodium acetate, and sodium
benzoate (SB) was tested in in vivo preliminary screenings against green and
blue molds on citrus fruit artificially inoculated 24 h before with Penicillium
digitatum and Penicillium italicum, respectively. SB was the most effective
compound and it was further tested in trials simulating postharvest industrial
applications. Dip treatments for 60 s with 3% (w/v) SB heated above 50 degrees
C resulted in about 90% reduction of green and blue mold incidence on
“Valencia” oranges inoculated, treated, and incubated at 20 degrees C and 90%
RH for 7 days. This treatment was also effective on “Lanelate” oranges, “Fino”
lemons and “Ortanique” mandarins, but not on “Clemenules” mandarins. Heated
solutions combining SB with low doses (25 or 50 mu L L-1) of the fungicide
imazalil (IMZ) were synergistic and greatly improved the efficacy of
stand-alone treatments. On “Valencia” oranges stored for 8 weeks at 5 degrees C
followed by 7 days of shelf-life at 20 degrees C, this combination reduced the
incidence of green and blue molds almost by 100%. It was found in additional
trials to test the preventive activity that 3% SB dips at 50 degrees C for 60 s
did not reduce green mold on “Valencia” oranges treated, inoculated with P.
digitatum 24 h later, and incubated at 20 degrees C for 7 days. It can be
concluded from this work that heated SB aqueous solutions might be in the
future an interesting nonpolluting disease control alternative for the
commercialization of citrus in markets with zero tolerance to fungicide
residues. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
34 de 62
ORDUNO-CRUZ, Nuvia,
GUZMAN-FRANCO, Ariel W. y RODRIGUEZ-LEYVA, Esteban, 2016, Diaphorina
citri populations carrying the bacterial plant pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter
asiaticus are more susceptible to infection by entomopathogenic fungi than
bacteria-free populations. Agricultural and Forest Entomology.
Feb. 2016. Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 95–98. DOI 10.1111/afe.12138.
Resumen: 1 The
presence of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) modifies the
susceptibility of Diaphorina citri to fungal infection. Using one isolate of
each the fungal species Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria
fumosorosea, we first estimated the LC50 for CLas-free adults of D. citri. 2
The lowest LC50 (1 Chi 10(4) conidia/mL) value was used to inoculate CLas-free
and CLas-carrying adults of D. citri and their relative susceptibility was
compared. 3 CLas-carrying adults were more susceptible than CLas-free adults of
D. citri to all three fungal isolates. The possibility of CLas exploiting D.
citri as an alternative host, therefore ensuring its dispersal and survival, is
discussed.
35 de 62
OROZCO-RAMIREZ, Q.,
ROSS-IBARRA, J., SANTACRUZ-VARELA, A. y BRUSH, S., 2016, Maize
diversity associated with social origin and environmental variation in Southern
Mexico. Heredity. Mayo 2016. Vol. 116, no. 5,
p. 477–484. DOI 10.1038/hdy.2016.10.
Resumen: While
prevailing theories of crop evolution suggest that crop diversity and cultural
diversity should be linked, empirical evidence for such a link remains
inconclusive. In particular, few studies have investigated such patterns on a
local scale. Here, we address this issue by examining the determinants of maize
diversity in a local region of high cultural and biological richness in Southern
Mexico. We collected maize samples from villages at low and middle elevations
in two adjacent municipalities of differing ethnicity: Mixtec or Chatino.
Although morphological traits show few patterns of population structure, we see
clear genetic differentiation among villages, with municipality explaining a
larger proportion of the differentiation than altitude. Consistent with an
important role of social origin in patterning seed exchange, metapopulation
model-based estimates of differentiation match the genetic data within village
and ethnically distinct municipalities, but underestimate differentiation when
all four villages are taken together. Our research provides insights about the
importance of social origin in structuring maize diversity at the local scale.
36 de 62
PARRA-GOMEZ, Mayra A., LOBATO-ORTIZ, Ricardo,
GARCIA-ZAVALA, J. Jesus, REYES-LOPEZ, Delfino y VELASCO-ALVARADO, Mario J.,
2016, EVALUATION OF INBRED LINES FROM A
TOMATO INTERSPECIFIC CROSS. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana. Mar.
2016. Vol. 39, no. 1, p. 59–65. URL: www.revistafitotecniamexicana.org/documentos/39-1/7a.pdf
Resumen: El
tomate o jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una de las principales
hortalizas cultivadas en México y en el mundo; sin embargo, presenta una
reducida variación genética resultado de su proceso de domesticación y de su
sistema de reproducción por autogamia. Como consecuencia, el uso de germoplasma
proveniente de sus parientes silvestres es una opción que los mejoradores han
explotado para buscar variantes alélicas de calidad y de resistencia a factores
bióticos y abióticos adversos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue ampliar la base
genética del jitomate cultivado, generar germoplasma para el mejoramiento
genético y evaluar el potencial hortícola de 225 líneas S3 derivadas de una
cruza interespecífica entre S. lycopersicum y S. pimpinellifolium. Las 225 líneas
se evaluaron en condiciones de invernadero e hidroponía. Se obtuvo gran
variación entre líneas para las variables relacionadas con el rendimiento y sus
componentes, así como en calidad de fruto; el peso promedio de fruto varió de 1
a 36 g, los sólidos solubles totales de 3.4 a 10.2 °Brix, el rendimiento de 16
a 1330 g por planta, y el número de frutos por racimo fue de 8 a 115, por lo
que las líneas generadas representan una nueva fuente de germoplasma para
programas de mejoramiento genético de jitomate en México. Las variables que
presentaron alta correlación con el rendimiento fueron el peso promedio de
fruto, longitud y diámetro de fruto, así como el número total de frutos por
planta. Los componentes del rendimiento tuvieron valores relativamente altos de
heredabilidad en sentido amplio, mayores de 0.60, mientras que para grados
sólidos solubles totales fue 0.50.
Abstract: Tomato
(Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the main vegetables grown in Mexico and
around the world; however, this species has reduced genetic variation due to
its domestication and inbreeding. As a consequence tomato breeders use wild
germplasm from tomato relatives in search ing allelic variants for fruit
quality and resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. This work tried
to increase the genetic background of cultivated tomato, to generate germplasm
for tomato breeding in Mexico, and to assess the horticultural potential of 225
recombinant S-3 lines derived from an interspecific cross between S.
lycopersicum and S. pinpinellifolium. The 225 lines were evaluated under
greenhouse and hydroponics conditions. Large variation was found among lines
for yield and yield components, as well as for fruit quality. For example,
average fruit weight ranged from 1 g to 36 g; total soluble solids ranged from
3.4 to 10.2 degrees Brix; fruit yield ranged from 16 to 1330 g per plant; and
the number of fruits per cluster ranged from 8 to 115. Therefore the lines
generated in this work represent a new source of germplasm for tomato breeding programs
in Mexico. Traits that showed higher correlation with yield were the variable
averages of fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, and total number of
fruit per plant. Yield components had relatively high values of broad sense
heritability, greater than 0.60, while for total soluble solids it was 0.50.
37 de 62
PEREZ-ORTEGA, G.,
GONZALEZ-TRUJANO, M. E., ANGELES-LOPEZ, G. E., BRINDIS, F., VIBRANS, H. y
REYES-CHILPA, R., 2016, Tagetes lucida
Cav.: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of its tranquilizing
properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2 Abril 2016.
Vol. 181, p. 221–228. DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.040.
Resumen: Ethnopharmacological
relevance: Morelos State is one of the most important regions of Mexico where
several plant species are used in traditional medicine to influence central
nervous system (CNS) activity; for example Tagetes lucida Cav. Aim of the study:
To investigate the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the
tranquilizing properties of T. lucida aerial parts. Material and methods: Data
on the medicinal uses of T. lucida were explored by interviewing healers and
merchants of local markets in different regions of Morelos State by using a
questionnaire. Anxiolytic and/or sedative-like responses of the T. lucida were
investigated in experimental models in mice such as: open-field, exploration
cylinder, hole-board, plus-maze, and the barbituric-induced hypnosis
potentiation. The possible mechanism of action was explored in the presence of
WAY100635 (0.32 mg/kg, i.p.) and flumazenil (10 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonists. A
feasible active compound was isolated and identified by using conventional
chromatography, including UHPLC and MS (DART) [M+H]+ techniques. Results:
Interviews of healers and merchants from ten local regions of Morelos State
showed that they recommended T. lucida as infusion and as tincture for several
culture-bound syndromes associated with the CNS. Anxiolytic and sedative-like
activities of polar extracts were corroborated in the experimental models;
these effects were inhibited in the presence of 5-HT1A and GABA/BDZ receptor
antagonists. Dimethylfraxetin was identified as one possible active compound.
Conclusions: The results support the anxiolytic and sedative-like properties of
T. lucida in traditional medicine by involving serotonergic and GABAergic
neurotransmission and coumarinic constituents. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
All rights reserved.
38 de 62
PEREZ-RUIZ, Juan A.,
ZAMORA-DIAZ, Mauro, MEJIA-CONTRERAS, Jose A., HERNANDEZ-LIVERA, Adrian y
SOLANO-HERNANDEZ, Salomon, 2016, Assessment of ten
barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.)
sown on five planting dates in two agricultural cycles. Agrociencia.
Mar.
2016. Vol. 50, no. 2, p. 201–213. URL: www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2016/feb-mar/art-5.pdf
Resumen: El
objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar características agronómicas, rendimiento y
calidad física de grano de genotipos de cebada maltera (Hordeum vulgare L.)
cultivados con riego. El estudio se realizó en la región de El Bajío, México.
Las variables evaluadas fueron número de macollos (NM), número de nudos del
tallo principal (NN), altura de planta (AP), peso hectolítrico (PHL), peso de
mil granos (PMG) y rendimiento de grano (REN). El diseño experimental fue
bloques completos al azar con un arreglo factorial 1052: diez
genotipos, cinco fechas de siembra y dos ciclos agrícolas. Las fechas de
siembra fueron: noviembre 15 y 30, diciembre 15 y 30, y 15 de enero. Los ciclos
agrícolas fueron: 2012-2013 y 2013-2014. Con los datos se realizó ANDEVA,
pruebas de comparación de medias (Tukey, p0.05) y correlaciones.
Los genotipos expresaron mayor NM, NN, AP, PHL, PMG y REN en las siembras
establecidas a finales de otoño, y las establecidas a principios de invierno
tuvieron los valores menores. Las variedades Alina y Armida mostraron
rendimiento y calidad física de grano mayores.
Abstract: The
objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic characteristics, grain yield,
and physical grain quality in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes
cultivated under irrigation. The study was carried out at the El Bajio region
of Mexico. The variables evaluated were number of tillers (NM), number of nodes
on the main stem (NN), plant height (AP), hectoliter weight (PHL), weight of
one thousand grains (PMG) and grain yield (REN). The experimental design was randomized
complete blocks with a 10 x 5 x 2 factorial arrangemen of treatments: ten
genotypes, five sowing dates and two agricultural cycles. The sowing dates were
November 15 and 30, December 15 and 30 and January 15. The agricultural cycles
were 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The data were analyzed with an ANOVA, means were
compared with Tukey test (p <= 0.05) and correlations. The genotypes
expressed higher NM, NN, AP, PHL, PMG and REN when sowing was at the end of
autumn, while those established at the beginning of winter had lower values.
The varieties Alina and Armida produced higher yields and better grain physical
quality.
39 de 62
PINEDO-ESCATEL, J. A. and
BLANCO-RODRIGUEZ, E., 2016, A new species of
Idona DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae:
Typhlocybinae) from Mexico, with an annotated list of species.
Zootaxa. 24 May 2016. Vol. 4114, no. 3, p. 320–330. DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.7
Resumen: A new
dikraneurine leafhopper, Idona dmitrievi sp. nov., is described and illustrated
from Mexico. An annotated checklist and a key for Mexican species are also
provided.
40 de 62
PINTO, Juan J., SILVA,
Gonzalo, FIGUEROA, Ines, TAPIA, Maritza, URBINA, Angelica, CONCEPCION
RODRIGUEZ, J. y LAGUNES, Angel, 2016, Insecticidal
activity of powder and essential oil of Cryptocarya alba (Molina) Looser
against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Chilean Journal of
Agricultural Research. Mar. 2016. Vol. 76, no. 1, p. 48–54.
DOI: 10.4067/S0718-58392016000100007.
Resumen: Cereals
constitute a relevant part of human and domestic animal diet. Under storage
conditions, one of the most significant problems of these crops is insect pests
as the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky). This insect species is
usually controlled by means of synthetic insecticides but problems as toxic
residues and resistance has led to the search for more friendly control
alternatives such as botanical insecticides. The aim of this research was to
evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the insecticidal properties of the
powder and the essential oil of peumo (Cryptocarya alba [Molina] Looser;
Lauraceae) leaves against S. zeamais. The variables assessed were toxicity by
contact and fumigant activity, adult emergence (F-1), repellent effect, and
impact on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination. A completely
randomized design was used with five treatments and 10 replicates. The higher mortality
levels were obtained at 80 g powder kg(-1) grain and 40 mL essential oil kg(-1)
grain of C. alba; in both cases, the mortality of adult S. zeamais surpassed
80%. The emergence of adults S. zeamais (F-1) was reduced by 100% at 80 g
powder kg(-1) grain and 40 mL essential oil kg-1 grain. Germination of wheat
seeds treated with C. alba powder and essential oil was not affected. Both, the
powder and the oil treatments showed repellent effect, but not fumigant
activity.
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RAMÍREZ-VALVERDE, Rodolfo,
RAMÍREZ-VALVERDE, Gustavo, NUÑEZ-DOMÍNGUEZ, Rafael, DELGADILLO-ZAPATA, Rafael
A. y HERNÁNDEZ-LEÓN, Miguel, 2016, Association
between genetic evaluation and show-ring judging for dairy and beef cattle.
Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias. Mar.
2016. Vol. 29, no. 1, p. 25–32. URL: http://rccp.udea.edu.co/index.php/ojs/article/view/1141
Resumen:
Antecedentes: una preocupación de los criadores es si la jerarquización de los
animales basada en evaluaciones genéticas es similar a la del juzgamiento en la
pista. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la jerarquización de animales
con base en el juzgamiento en pista y sus respectivas diferencias esperadas en
la progenie (EPDs) o habilidades de transmisión predicha (PTAs), para animales
Pardo Suizo Europeo (BR) y Americano (BS) de México. Métodos: los valores
jerárquicos del juzgamiento fueron transformados usando la transformación
rankit. Para cada raza, análisis de correlación de Pearson fueron realizados
entre los valores jerárquicos transformados de los animales obtenidos del
juzgamiento en la pista y sus valores de EPD o PTA. Resultados: usando las
bases de datos completas, en ambas razas los coeficientes de correlación estimados
fueron bajos (< 0,18) y diferentes de cero (p < 0,05). El coeficiente de
correlación considerando las PTAs para producción de leche en BS fue
ligeramente mayor que los obtenidos con cualquier EPD de las características de
crecimiento en BR. Las correlaciones en animales adultos (0,18 a 0,23) fueron
diferentes de cero (p < 0,05) y mayores que las de animales jóvenes o
becerros; mientras que para hembras y machos fueron similares. Correlaciones
por año de juzgamiento en pista fueron variables y sin tendencia específica.
Conclusiones: la jerarquización de animales usando los resultados de
juzgamiento en la pista y las evaluaciones genéticas están asociadas pero en
baja magnitud. La selección de animales con base en su juzgamiento en pista
puede usarse como herramienta complementaria a la evaluación genética.
Abstract: Background:
a concern for breeders is whether an animal ranking based on genetic
evaluations is similar to that obtained from show-ring judging. Objective: to
determine the association between rankings for Braunvieh (BR) and Brown Swiss
(BS) cattle of Mexico based on show-ring judging and their respective expected
progeny differences (EPDs) or predicted transmitted abilities (PTAs). Methods:
ranking values from judging were transformed using the rankit transformation.
For each breed, Pearson correlation analyses were performed between the
transformed rank values of the animals obtained from judging at the show-ring
and their EPD or PTA values. Results: using the complete databases, in both
breeds the correlation coefficient estimates were low (<0.18) but different
from zero (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient considering PTAs for milk
yield in BS was slightly higher than those obtained for any EPD for growth
traits in BR. Correlations in adult animals (0.18 to 0.23) were different from
zero (p<0.05) and higher than those of young animals or calves, while those
within males or females were similar. Correlations within years of judging in
the show-ring were variable and did not indicate any specific trend.
Conclusions: show-ring rank results are associated with genetic evaluation of
animals, although the magnitude is low. Selection of breeding animals based on
show-ring judgment could be used as a complementary tool to genetic evaluation.
42 de 62
REYES-FIGUEROA, Omar, ORTIZ-GARCIA, Carlos
F., TORRES-DE LA CRUZ, Magdiel, LAGUNES-ESPINOZA, Luz del C. y
VALDOVINOS-PONCE, Guadalupe, 2016, Trichoderma
species from the cacao agroecosystem with biocontrol potential of
Moniliophthora roreri. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales
Y Del Ambiente. Ago. 2016. Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 149–163. DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2015.08.036.
Resumen: La
monoliasis del cacao (Moniliophthora roreri) es la principal limitante
parasítica de la producción de cacao (Theobroma cacao) en México. Una
alternativa sostenible para el control de la enfermedad es el uso del hongo
Trichoderma. El objetivo del presente estudio fue seleccionar aislamientos
nativos de Trichoderma con las mejores características antagónicas y
fisiológicas in vitro, para el control de M. roreri. Para ello, se
caracterizaron 50 aislamientos de Trichoderma, obtenidos del agroecosistema cacao.
El crecimiento micelial y la producción de conidios a 25, 30 y 35 °C se
consideraron variables fisiológicas. El micoparasitismo, antibiosis y
antagonismo potencial fueron las variables antagónicas. Se encontraron
diferencias significativas (P = 0.0001) en todas las variables evaluadas. El
intervalo de temperatura óptima para el crecimiento micelial y producción de
conidios fue de 25 a 30 °C. El micoparasitismo varió de 0 a 100 % y solo los
aislamientos de seis especies mostraron esta característica. La antibiosis
osciló entre 6.8 y 55.5 %, y el antagonismo potencial varió de 3.4 a 69 %.
Trichoderma virens (TTC017) y T. harzianum (TTC090, TTC039, TTC073) mostraron
el mejor biocontrol potencial in vitro, por lo que son cepas prometedoras para
futuras investigaciones sobre control biológico de la moniliasis del cacao.
Abstract: Frosty
pod rot in cacao (Moniliophthora roreri) is the main limitation on the
production of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in Mexico. A sustainable alternative for
the control of the disease is the use of the Trichoderma mushroom. The
objective of this study was to select isolates that are native to Trichoderma
with the best antagonist and physiological in vitro characteristics for the
control of M. roreri. For this, 50 isolates of Trichoderma obtained in the
cacao agroecosystem were characterized. Mycelial growth and the production of
conidia at 25, 30 and 35 degrees C were considered the physiological variables.
Mycoparasitism, antibiosis and potential antagonism were the antagonist
variables. Significant differences (P = 0.0001) were found in all evaluated variables.
The interval of the optimal temperature for mycelial growth and the production
of conidia was 25 to 30 degrees C. Mycoparasitism varied between 0 and 100 %,
and only the isolates of six species showed this characteristic. Antibiosis
varied between 6.8 and 55.5 % and potential antagonism varied from 3.4 to 69.0
%. Trichoderma virens (TTC017) and T. harzianum (TTC090, TTC039, TTC073) showed
the best potential in vitro biocontrol, so they are promising strains for
future investigations on biological control of cacao moniliasis.
43 de 62
ROBLES-GUTIERREZ, Cesar A.,
VELAZQUEZ-MARTINEZ, Alejandro, RODRIGUEZ-TREJO, Dante A., REYES-HERNANDEZ,
Valentin J. y ETCHEVERS-BARRA, Jorge D., 2016, Probability
of mortality by fire damage of young Pinus hartwegii Lindl. trees in the
Izta-Popo National Park. Revista Chapingo Serie
Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente. Ago. 2016. Vol. 22,
no. 2, p. 165–178. DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2015.08.034.
Resumen: A nivel
mundial se realizan
grandes esfuerzos para
determinar el efecto
del fuego en la mortalidad de
especies arbóreas como las del género Pinus. En este trabajo se evaluó la
influencia del fuego en la probabilidad de mortalidad del arbolado joven
de Pinus
hartwegii en el
Parque Nacional Izta-Popo,
área natural protegida
del centro de México.
Los efectos de
un incendio de mediana a
alta intensidad ocurrido
en marzo del 2013, una quema prescrita de baja
intensidad realizada en abril del mismo año y un área testigo sin presencia de
fuego reciente se valoraron y compararon. Los resultados mostraron que 18 meses
después de aplicados los tratamientos, la mortalidad del arbolado en el área
con quema prescrita fue de 13 %, mientras que en el área incendiada y testigo
fue de 28 y 4 %, respectivamente. Se obtuvieron seis modelos logísticos para
predecir la mortalidad; el porcentaje de copa dañada, la altura de cicatriz y
el diámetro normal con corteza fueron las variables significativas (P <
0.05) de predicción. Los resultados sugieren que la disminución en la capacidad
fotosintética y en el transporte de nutrimentos, asociados al daño de la copa y
al cámbium, están estrechamente ligados con la probabilidad de mortalidad.
Abstract: Great
efforts are carried out at a global level in order to determine the effect of
fire on the mortality of tree species, like the Pinus genus. This paper
evaluated the influence of fire on the probability of mortality of young Pinus
hartwegii trees in the Izta-Popo National Park, a protected natural area in
central Mexico. The effects of a medium to high intensity fire that occurred in
March 2013, a low intensity prescribed burning applied in April of the same
year, and a control area without recent fire presence were evaluated and
compared. The results showed that after 18 months of the applied treatments,
the tree mortality in the area with prescribed burning was 13 %, whereas tree
mortality in the area with fire and in the control area was 28 and 4 %, respectively.
Six logistic models were obtained in order to predict mortality; the percentage
of damaged canopy, scar height, and normal bark diameter were the significant
predictive variables (P < 0.05). The results suggest that a decrease in the
photosynthetic rate and nutrients,transport associated with damage to the
canopy and cambium, are closely related to the probability of mortality.
44 de 62
ROJAS-MARTINEZ, R. I.,
CAMACHO-TAPIA, M., ZAVALETA-MEJIA, E. y LEVY, J., 2016, First
report of the presence of haplotypes a and b of Candidatus liberibacter Solanacearum
in chili (Capsicum annuum l.) In the
central region of Mexico. Journal of Plant Pathology. Mar.
2016. Vol. 98, no. 1, p. 111–115. DOI: 10.4454/JPP.V98I1.031.
Resumen: Candidatus
Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) is a vectorborne Gram negative bacterium,
limited to the phloem of infected plants of the families Solanaceae in America
and New Zealand and Apiaceae in Europe. This bacterium has genetic variants
denominated as five haplotypes A, B, C, D and E in different crops and regions.
In Mexico, it is reported that haplotype B is associated with potato whereas
only Lso A infects chili pepper in the northern region of Mexico. Due to this
pathogen’s potential to cause damage in crops of economic importance in Mexico,
the objective of this study was to check whether different Lso variants could
be found in chili infected by this bacterium. In 2012 and 2013, psyllids
(vector) and chili (cv. Rivera) samples were collected from commercial
production fields in Yurecuaro, Michoacan (central Mexico). Samples were also
collected of psyllids and symptomatic potato plants in Toluca, Mexico. DNA was
extracted from tissues of the plants and the psyllids with appropriate
protocols. The DNA samples were tested for the presence of Lso by PCR using
16-23S rDNA primers and for Lso haplotypes using SSR (LSO-SSR-1F and
LSO-SSR-1R). We found that in natural environments haplotype A occurred more
frequently in chili than in potato. To our knowledge, this is the first report
of haplotypes A and B from Lso associated with variegated chili in Mexico.
45 de 62
ROMERO NAPOLES, Jesús,
2016, Systematics of the seed beetle genus
Decellebruchus Borowiec, 1987 (Coleoptera, Bruchidae). Zookeys.
2016. No. 579, p. 59–81. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.579.7716.
Resumen: Keys to
species, descriptions, synonymy, host plants, and geographical distributions
are presented for the three species in the genus Decellebruchus (Borowiec
1987); of those, D. walker (Pic 1912) was the only species included at the time
of the genus denomination, D. atrolineatus (Pic 1921) is transferred to this
genus, and D. lunae is described as a new species. The shortest and most
parsimonious phylogenetic tree for genera with pectinate antennae had a length
of 33, consistency index 87, and retention index 81.
46 de 62
RUEDA, Jose A.,
ORTEGA-JIMENEZ, Eusebio, HERNANDEZ-GARAY, Alfonso, ENRIQUEZ-QUIROZ, Javier F.,
GUERRERO-RODRIGUEZ, Juan D. y QUERO-CARRILLO, Adrian R., 2016, Growth, yield, fiber content and lodging resistance in
eight varieties of Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone intended as energy
crop. Biomass & Bioenergy. Mayo 2016. Vol. 88,
p. 59–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.007.
Resumen: Growth,
biomass yield, fiber content and lodging resistance were studied, during a six
month growth period, for eight varieties of Cenchrus purpureus, intended as
energy crop, in Veracruz, Mexico. Then, only yield at day 182 was assessed for
two additional years. The varieties were: CT115 (CT), African Cane (AC), Taiwan
(TAI), King Grass (KG), Vruckwona (VRU), Roxo (RX), OM22 (OM) and Cameroon
(CAM). Local weather is warm and sub-humid, historical data for monthly average
temperature and annual rainfall were 25.8 degrees C and 1142 mm, respectively.
Height, diameter and light interception were measured monthly from day 65-185.
At day 185, biomass yield and tiller density were measured. Number of lying
tillers was counted to estimate lodging resistance. Cellulose and hemicellulose
content were estimated in leaf and stem. No differences were found for dry
matter yield or stem yield at day 185 in the first year. Regarding the next two
years, TAI yielded above CT, OM or ROX. Average dry matter yield was higher in
the second year than in the establishment cycle (38.6 vs 21.1 Mg ha(-1)), but
decreased in the third year (32.2 Mg ha(-1)). In both stem and whole plant, AC
and KG showed higher hemicellulose content than RX, OM or CT; while AC and VRU
had higher cellulose than RX in stem, or than CT in the whole plant.
Furthermore, varieties AC, KG, VRU and TAI were resistant to lodging and had a
higher fiber content, so they are recommended as energetic crops. (C) 2016
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
47 de 62
RUEDA-ZOZAYA, Pilar,
MENDOZA-MARTINEZ, German D., MARTINEZ-GOMEZ, Daniel, MONROY-VILCHIS, Octavio,
ANTONIO GODOY, Jose, SUNNY, Armando, PALOMARES, Francisco, CHAVEZ, Cuauhtemoc y
HERRERA-HARO, Jose, 2016, Genetic
variability and structure of jaguar (Panthera onca) in Mexican zoos.
Genetica. Feb. 2016. Vol. 144, no. 1, p. 59–69. DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9878-6.
Genealogical records of
animals (studbook) are created to avoid reproduction between closely related
individuals, which could cause inbreeding, particularly for such endangered
species as the Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758). Jaguar is the largest felid in the
Americas and is considered an important ecological key species. In Mexico, wild
jaguar populations have been significantly reduced in recent decades, and
population decline typically accompany decreases in genetic variation. There is
no current census of captive jaguars in Mexico, and zoos do not follow a
standardized protocol in breeding programs based on genetic studies. Here, we
emphasise the importance of maintaining an adequate level of genetic variation
and propose the implementation of standardised studbooks for jaguars in Mexico,
mainly to avoid inbreeding. In addition, achieving the aims of studbook
registration would provide a population genetic characterisation that could
serve as a basis for ex situ conservation programmes.
48 de 62
SALAS-AGUILAR, Victor, MACEDO-CRUZ, Antonia,
PAZ, Fernando, PALACIOS, Enrique, ORTIZ, Carlos y QUEVEDO, Abel, 2016, Regional Patterns of Baseflow Variability in Mexican
Subwatersheds. Water. Mar.
2016. Vol. 8, no. 3. DOI: 10.3390/w8030098.
Resumen: One of
the challenges faced by subwatershed hydrology is the discovery of patterns
associated with climate and landscape variability with the available data. This
study has three objectives: (1) to evaluate the annual recession curves; (2) to
relate the recession parameter (RP) with physiographic characteristics of 21
Mexican subwatersheds in different climate regions; and (3) to formulate a
Baseflow (BF) model based on a top-down approach. The RP was calibrated
utilizing the largest magnitude curves. The RP was related to topographical,
climate and soil variables. A non-linear model was employed to separate the
baseflow which considers RP as a recharge rate. Our results show that RP
increases with longitude and decreases with latitude. RP displayed a sustained
non-linear behavior determined by precipitation rate and evapotranspiration (
[GRAPHICS] ) over years and subwatersheds. The model was fit to a parameter
concurrent with invariance and space-time symmetry conditions. The dispersion
of our model was associated with the product of ( [GRAPHICS] ) by the aquifer’s
transmissivity. We put forward a generalized baseflow model, which made the
discrimination of baseflow from direct flow in subwatersheds possible. The
proposed model involves the recharge-storage-discharge relation and could be
implemented in basins where there are no suitable ground-based data.
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SANDOVAL PEREZ, Ana Lidia,
LUCIA CAMARGO-RICALDE, Sara, MANUEL MONTANO, Noe, GARCIA-OLIVA, Felipe,
ALARCON, Alejandro, ADRIANA MONTANO-ARIAS, Susana and ESPERON-RODRIGUEZ, Manuel, 2016, Biocrusts, inside and outside resource islands of Mimosa
luisana (Leguminosae), improve soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a tropical
semiarid ecosystem. European Journal of Soil
Biology. June 2016. Vol. 74, p. 93–103. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.03.006.
Resumen: In the semiarid
Valley of Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla, Mexico, biocrusts may be found inside
Mimosa luisana Brandegee (Leguminosae)-resource islands (RI) or outside them
(ORI). We studied the seasonal variation of the effect of three
microenvironments: i) M. luisana-RI biocrusts (Biocrusts-RI), ii) biocrusts
outside M. luisana-RI (Biocrusts-ORI), and iii) Open areas (OA), on the soil C
and N dynamics. In both rainy and dry seasons, moss species richness and cover
were higher at Biocrusts-RI than in Biocrusts-ORI; opposite pattern to lichens.
Soil organic C, labile C, and total N were the highest at Biocrusts-RI,
intermediate at Biocrusts-ORI, and lowest at OA. This agrees with high
microbial C and N, and C mineralization. We suggest that C availability
regulated soil N availability under both Biocrusts-RI and Biocrusts-ORI by
stimulating microbial biomass and N mineralization. Biocrusts-RI and
Biocrusts-ORI did not differ in soil NI-It and NO concentration, but N
mineralization was higher at both microenvironments than in OA in the dry
season. In contrast, in the rainy season, nitrification was higher and
decreased from OA, Biocrusts-ORI to Biocrusts-RI. It supports that both
Biocrusts-RI and Biocrusts-ORI may be forming “mantles of fertility”, and
highlight their functional role on microbial dynamics and N transformations
linked to changes in C availability, providing a hypothetical model for a
better understanding of soil biology within this tropical semiarid ecosystem.
(C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
50 de 62
SANTIAGO-HERNANDEZ,
Francisco, LOPEZ-ORTIZ, Silvia, AVILA-RESENDIZ, Catarino, JARILLO-RODRIGUEZ,
Jesus, PEREZ-HERNANDEZ, Ponciano y DE DIOS GUERRERO-RODRIGUEZ, Juan, 2016, Physiological and production responses of four grasses
from the genera Urochloa and Megathyrsus to shade from Melia azedarach L.
Agroforestry Systems. Abril 2016. Vol. 90, no. 2,
p. 339–349. DOI 10.1007/s10457-015-9858-y.
Resumen: This
research investigated the effect of shade from Melia azedarach L. on the
physiology, production, and forage quality of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzania
and cv. Mombaza, and the Urochloa hybrids Oaxaca and Yacar,. Evaluations were
made during the rainy (August 2013) and windy (February 2014) seasons under sun
and shade. Mombaza and Tanzania produced more forage biomass (4683 +/- A 4529
and 4279 +/- A 4745 kg DM ha(-1) harvest(-1); P < 0.05) than hybrids, and
there was more biomass during the rainy (8236 +/- A 4257 kg DM ha(-1)
harvest(-1); P < 0.0001) than the windy season, although biomass declined by
44 % (P < 0.05) under shade. Leaf crude protein was similar among grasses (P
= 0.516), although Mombaza and Tanzania had higher neutral detergent (49.2 and
50.2 %, respectively; P < 0.05) and acid detergent fiber fractions (34.4 and
34.1 %, respectively; P < 0.05), making them less digestible (61.7 and 61.6
%, respectively; P < 0.05) than the hybrids. Overall, nutritional quality
increased during the windy season (P < 0.05) and under shade (P < 0.05).
Assimilation of CO2 was greater during the rainy season (P < 0.0001) and
under sun (19.1 +/- A 8.2 vs. 8.6 +/- A 4.4 A mu mol m(-2) s(-1); P < 0.05).
The most favorable conditions for biomass production occurred during the rainy
season, although nutritional quality was better during the windy season. Shade
affects photosynthetic rate and production, and promotes the nutritional
quality of all grasses. Oaxaca and Yacar, appear to be more adapted to shade by
responding with greater production stability and better forage nutritive
quality.
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SAYNES-VASQUEZ, Alfredo,
VIBRANS, Heike, VERGARA-SILVA, Francisco y CABALLERO, Javier, 2016, Intracultural Differences in Local Botanical Knowledge
and Knowledge Loss among the Mexican Isthmus Zapotecs. Plos One.
17 Mar. 2016. Vol. 11, no. 3, p. e0151693. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151693.
Resumen: This
study reports on the socio-demographic and locality factors that influence
ethnobiological knowledge in three communities of Zapotec indigenous people of
the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. It uses local botanical nomenclature as a
proxy for general ethnobiological knowledge. In each of these communities (one
urban and two rural), 100 adult men were interviewed aided with a field
herbarium. Fifty had a background in farming, and 50 worked in the secondary or
tertiary sector as their main economic activity, totaling 300 interviews. Using
a field herbarium with samples of 30 common and rare wild regional species, we
documented visual recognition, knowledge of the local life form, generic and
specific names and uses (five knowledge levels measuring knowledge depth). The
relationship between sociodemographic variables and knowledge was analyzed with
simple correlations. Differences between the three communities and the five
knowledge levels were then evaluated with a discriminant analysis. A general
linear analysis identified factors and covariables that influenced the observed
differences. Differences between the groups with different economic activities
were estimated with a t-test for independent samples. Most of the relationships
found between sociodemographic variables and plant knowledge were expected: age
and rurality were positively related with knowledge and years of formal
schooling was negatively related. However, the somewhat less rural site had
more traditional knowledge due to local circumstances. The general linear model
explained 70-77% of the variation, a high value. It showed that economic
activity was by far the most important factor influencing knowledge, by a
factor of five. The interaction of locality and economic activity followed. The
discriminant analysis assigned interviewees correctly to their localities in
94% of the cases, strengthening the evidence for intracultural variation. Both
sociodemographic and historic intracultural differences heavily influence local
knowledge.
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TAMAYO-MEJIA, Fernando,
TAMEZ-GUERRA, Patricia, GUZMAN-FRANCO, Ariel W. y GOMEZ-FLORES, Ricardo, 2016, Developmental stage affects survival of the
ectoparasitoid Tamarixia triozae exposed to the fungus Beauveria bassiana.
Biological Control. Feb. 2016. Vol. 93, p. 30–36. DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.11.006.
Resumen: Biological
control of Bactericera cockerelli using a combination of parasitoids and
pathogens has potential. However, their combined use could result in complex
multitrophic interactions, the outcomes of which are uncertain. In this study
we evaluated the effects of applications of two Beauveria bassiana isolates
(pathogen) on the parasitoid Tamarixia triozae during its development on the
host, B. cockerelli. Three concentrations (LC20, LC50 and LC90 values against
B. cockerelli) of the fungal isolates BB40 and GHA were applied to 4th instar
B. cockerelli nymphs that had been successfully parasitized by T. triozae 3, 5,
8 or 12 days earlier at 25 degrees C. The greatest infection of T. triozae was
observed when the calculated LC90 was inoculated, regardless of isolate, and
when the parasitoids were 3-5 days old. The lowest infection of T. triozae was
observed when they were 8 and 12 days old regardless of isolate or conidial
concentration. The highest parasitoid emergence was achieved in the untreated
control compared with all other treatments and combinations tested. Within
treatments, the highest parasitoid emergence was obtained at the lowest B.
bassiana concentration tested and when the pathogen was applied to B.
cockerelli supporting 12 day-old parasitoids. Longevity of adult parasitoids
that had emerged from B. cockerelli nymphs was greatest in the control treatment,
followed by those from nymphs treated with GHA when applied to B. cockerelli
supporting 12 day-old parasitoids. In conclusion, biological control of B.
cockerelli may require the synchronized use of high B. bassiana concentrations,
applied only on T. triozae late pupal stage (8-2 days of development), in order
to allow the parasitoid to survive and also achieve good overall pest control.
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TLAXCALA-MENDEZ, Rolando M., DE LOS
SANTOS-POSADAS, Héctor M., HERNANDEZ-DE LA ROSA, Patricia y LOPEZ-AYALA, José
L., 2016, VARIATION OF FORM FACTOR AND TAPER IN
PROVENANCES OF SPANISH CEDAR (Cedrela odorata L.). Agrociencia.
Feb. 2016. Vol. 50, no. 1, p. 89–105. URL: www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2016/ene-feb/art-7.pdf
Resumen: conocimiento
de la geometría en los fustes de los árboles es relevante en los estudios de
progenies para obtener germoplasma, debido a que los individuos mejores deben
tener crecimiento adecuado y también las características mejores en la
conformación del fuste. Para ello, es necesario evaluar la forma de los fustes
mediante métodos analíticos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar
la progenie con el rendimiento mayor de aserrío considerando la forma, el
ahusamiento y el volumen comercial de siete procedencias de Cedrela odorata L.
establecidas en Tezonapa, Veracruz, México. Para esto, se realizaron muestreo
destructivo de 211 árboles. Dos modelos de regresión lineal y no lineal se
ajustaron y complementaron con pruebas de adicionalidad en los parámetros de
forma y ahusamiento. Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros de forma de
las progenies de Tuxtepec, Tierra Blanca y Tezonapa adoptaron forma de
paraboloide, y las de María Lombardo, San Andrés Tuxtla, Costa del Golfo y
Comala tendieron a la conicidad. Todas las progenies fueron estadísticamente
diferentes en parámetros de ahusamiento, lo cual se atribuyó a la interacción
genotipo-ambiente y a la invasión del barrenador Hypsipyla grandella Zeller.
Además, los parámetros de forma se evaluaron en tres sistemas compatibles de
ahusamiento y volumen, mediante el ajuste con estimación SUR (Seemingly
Unrelated Regressions). La fuente geográfica de Tuxtepec presentó conicidad
menor por su fustes geométricamente más cercanos al paraboloide (factor de
forma, ff=0.45), por lo cual podría ser la línea principal para acopio de
germoplasma y producción local.
Abstract: Knowledge
of tree stem geometry is relevant for progeny studies aiming to obtain
germplasm since the best individuals should have adequate growth and the best
characteristics of stem formation. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate stem form
with analytical methods. The objective of this study was to identify the
progeny with the highest milling yield, considering form factor, taper
variation and commercial volume of seven provenances of Cedrela odorata L.
established in Tezonapa, Veracruz, Mexico. To this end, destructive sampling of
211 trees was carried out. Two linear regression and two non-linear regression
models were fit and complemented with tests of additionality in the parameters
form and taper. The results showed that the form parameters of the progenies
from Tuxtepec, Tierra Blanca and Tezonapa adopted a paraboloid shape, and those
from Maria Lombardo, San Andres Tuxtla, Costa del Golfo and Comala tended to be
conical. All the progenies were statistically different in taper parameters,
which is attributed to the interaction genotype-environment and to infestation
by the borer Hypsipyla grandella Zeller. Moreover, form parameters were
evaluated in three compatible form and taper systems fitted with SUR (Seemingly
Unrelated Regressions) estimation. The geographical source of Tuxtepec was less
conical because the stems were geometrically closer to a paraboloid (form
factor, ff=0.45). Therefore, Tuxtepec could be the main line of germplasm
collection for local production.
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TOLEDO-AGUILAR, Rocio,
LOPEZ-SANCHEZ, Higinio, SANTACRUZ-VARELA, Amalio, VALADEZ-MOCTEZUMA, Ernestina,
LOPEZ, Pedro A., AGUILAR-RINCON, Victor H., GONZALEZ-HERNANDEZ, Victor A. y
VAQUERA-HUERTA, Humberto, 2016, Characterization
of genetic diversity of native “Ancho” chili populations of Mexico using
microsatellite markers. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research.
Mar. 2016. Vol. 76, no. 1, p. 18–26. DOI 10.4067/S0718-58392016000100003.
Resumen: “Ancho” type chilis (Capsicum annuum L. var.
annuum) are an important ingredient in the traditional cuisine of Mexico and so
are in high demand. It includes six native sub-types with morphological and
fruit color differences. However, the genetic diversity of the set of these
sub-types has not been determined. The objective of this study was to
characterize the genetic diversity of native Mexican ancho chili populations
using microsatellites and to determine the relationship among these
populations. Twenty-four microsatellite loci were used to analyze 38 native
populations of “Ancho” chilis collected in seven states of Mexico; three
populations different from the ancho type (’Piquin’, “Guajillo”, and “Chilaca”)
and three hybrids (Capulin, Abedul, and green pepper) were included as
controls. The number of alleles per locus, number and percentage of polymorphic
loci, polymorphic information content (PIC), expected heterozygosity, and
Wright F statistics were obtained. Moreover, an analysis of principal components
and a cluster analysis were carried out. We detected 220 alleles, with an
average of 9.2 alleles per locus; PIC varied between 0.07 and 1, and expected
heterozygosity was between 0.36 and 0.59. Also we identified 59 unique alleles
and eight alleles common to all of the populations. The F statistics revealed
broad genetic differentiation among populations. Both the analysis of principal
components and the cluster analysis were able to separate the populations by
origin (southern, central, and northern Mexico). The broad genetic diversity
detected in the native ancho chili populations of Mexico was found in greater
proportion within the populations than between populations.
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TOVAR-PEDRAZA, J. M.,
LEYVA-MIR, S. G., CAMACHO-TAPIA, M., NIETO-LOPEZ, E. H., AYALA-ESCOBAR, V. y
GARCIA-LEON, E., 2016, First Report of
Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe heraclei on Hedera helix in Mexico.
Plant Disease. Abril 2016. Vol. 100, no. 4, p. 859–859.
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1030-PDN.
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TOVAR-PEDRAZA, J. M.,
LEYVA-MIR, S. G., NIETO-LOPEZ, E. H., NAVA-DIAZ, C., GOODWIN, P. H. y
ROSAS-SAITO, G. H., 2016, First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe heraclei
on Ammi majus in Mexico. Plant Disease. Mar. 2016.
Vol. 100, no. 3, p. 647–647. DOI 10.1094/PDIS-06-15-0716-PDN.
57 de 62
VALADEZ-BUSTOS, Ma. Guadalupe,
AGUADO-SANTACRUZ, ARMANDO, Gerardo, TIESSEN-FAVIER, Axel, ROBLEDO-PAZ,
Alejandrina, MUNOZ-OROZCO, Abel, RASCON-CRUZ, Quintin y SANTACRUZ-VARELA,
Amalio, 2016, A reliable method for
spectrophotometric determination of glycine betaine in cell suspension and
other systems. Analytical Biochemistry. 1 Abril
2016. Vol. 498, p. 47–52. DOI 10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.015.
Resumen: Glycine
betaine is a quaternary ammonium compound that accumulates in a large variety
of species in response to different types of stress. Glycine betaine
counteracts adverse effects caused by abiotic factors, preventing the
denaturation and inactivation of proteins. Thus, its determination is
important, particularly for scientists focused on relating structural,
biochemical, physiological, and/or molecular responses to plant water status.
In the current work, we optimized the periodide technique for the determination
of glycine betaine levels. This modification permitted large numbers of samples
taken from a chlorophyllic cell line of the grass Bouteloua gracilis to be
analyzed. Growth kinetics were assessed using the chlorophyllic suspension to
determine glycine betaine levels in control (no stress) cells and cells
osmotically stressed with 14 or 21% polyethylene glycol 8000. After glycine
extraction, different wavelengths and reading times were evaluated in a
spectrophotometer to determine the optimal quantification conditions for this
osmolyte. Optimal results were obtained when readings were taken at a
wavelength of 290 nm at 48 h after dissolving glycine betaine crystals in
dichloroethane. We expect this modification to provide a simple, rapid, reliable,
and cheap method for glycine betaine determination in plant samples and cell
suspension cultures. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
58 de 62
VASQUEZ, Yasmit, TARANGO,
Luis, LOPEZ-PEREZ, Elvia, HERRERA, Jose, MENDOZA, German y MANDUJANO, Salvador,
2016, Variation in the diet composition of
the white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan
Biosphere Reserve. Revista Chapingo Serie
Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente. Abril 2016. Vol. 22,
no. 1, p. 87–98. DOI 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2015.04.012.
Resumen: The
objective of this study was to determine the variation in the botanical
composition of the diet of white tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in the
Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve (RBTC) in Mexico. The species consumed
were identified through the microhistological analysis of the epidermis in
fresh excreta. The sampling was done in the humid and dry seasons of 2011 to
2013 in San Gabriel Casa Blanca dominated by the tropical dry forest (TDF) and
crasicaule shrubland, and in San Pedro Chicozapotes dominated by TDF; both
locations in the state of Oaxaca. The annual diet consisted of 83 species from
36 families; 13 species represented more than 50 % of the diet. The tender
leaves and stems of tree and herbal species were the most frequently consumed.
The composition of the diet did not differ (P>0.05) between yearly seasons,
but they did differ between study locations. The plant compositions consumed by
the deer was similar to what was reported in other TDF. The results of this
study help us understand the ecological strategies of foraging of the
herbivores in the TDF, and could have certain relevance in the management units
for wildlife conservation (UMAs) in the RBTC and in neighboring areas.
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VELASCO-BAUTISTA, Efrain, DE LOS
SANTOS-POSADAS, Hector, RAMIREZ-MALDONADO, Hugo y RENDON-SANCHEZ, Gilberto,
2016, Comparison of wood volume estimators in
medium height tropical forests. Agrociencia. Feb. 2016.
Vol. 50, no. 1, p. 119–132. URL: www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2016/ene-feb/art-9.pdf
Resumen: En
México, el proyecto Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (INFyS) utiliza
para el análisis estadístico de los datos dasométricos estimadores de razón
cuya aplicación es fácil. Sin embargo, en circunstancias diversas podría ser
imposible obtener datos que cumplan por completo con sus supuestos teóricos. En
este estudio se compararon los resultados del estimador de razón del INFyS con
estimadores alternativos. Con datos del 2010 provenientes de la malla de
muestreo obtenida en selva mediana subperennifolia y subcaducifolia en Quintana
Roo y Campeche, México, se compararon estadísticamente los estimadores: razón
de medias, medias de razones e Inventario Forestal y Análisis (FIA-USDA). El
sesgo relativo del estimador de razón (sesgo respecto al error estándar) en
todos los casos fue menor a 10 %; por tanto se consideró insignificante. En las
condiciones estudiadas, los resultados indican que los tres estimadores no son
estadísticamente diferentes. Sin embargo, el estimador medias de razón presenta
la ventaja de proporcionar estimaciones por hectárea de manera directa. Además,
su planteamiento teórico permite analizarlo desde una perspectiva del estimador
Horvitz-Thompson.
Abstract: In
Mexico, the project National Forest and Soil Inventory (Inventario Nacional
Forestal y de Suelos-NFyS) uses ratio estimators that are easily applicable for
statistical analysis of dasometric data. However, under diverse circumstances,
it may be impossible to obtain data that fully comply with their theoretical
assumptions. In this study, the results of the INFyS ratio estimator are
compared with results using alternative estimators. With 2010 data from the
sampling grid obtained in the medium height sub-evergreen and sub deciduous
forests of Quintana Roo and Campeche, Mexico, the ratio of means estimator,
mean of ratios estimator and the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA-USDA) were
compared statistically. The relative bias of the ratio estimator (bias,
relative to the standard error) in all cases was below 10 % and, therefore,
considered insignificant. Under the conditions of this study, the results
indicate that the three estimators are not statistically different. However,
the mean of ratios estimator has the advantage of directly providing
estimations per hectare. Moreover, its theoretical approach permits its
analysis from a perspective of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator.
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VERA-GRAZIANO, Jorge and
CRUZ-IZQUIERDO, Serafin, 2016,
Insect population parameters of Acanthoscelides
obtectus (Say.) in grains of five cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris
L.). Agrociencia. May 2016. Vol. 50, no. 3, p. 347–353. URL: http://www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2016/abr-may/art-7.pdf.
Resumen: Acanthoscelides
obtectus (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) es un insecto fitófago que consume granos de
frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en condiciones de almacenamiento, principalmente
en regiones de clima templado, por lo que es necesario conocer los parámetros
poblacionales de este coleóptero que permitan pronosticar poblaciones e
identificar frijoles resistentes. Los parámetros poblacionales se estimaron con
la técnica de tablas de vida de cohorte, la prueba Logrank (p0.05) y
las tasas de reproducción e intervalos de confianza con la técnica no
paramétrica de Traslape de Intervalos (p0.09),
para comparar tasas instantáneas de reproducción (rm), llamada también
capacidad innata de incremento. Estos parámetros se estimaron en los cultivares
Blanco Tabasco, Flor de Mayo, Pinto Durango, Rayado Rojo y Línea Elite No. 4,
todos resistentes a dos tipos de roya ocasionada por Uromyces phaseoli var.
typica y U. appendiculatus. Los parámetros poblacionales fueron mayores en la
emergencia de los adultos, esperanza media de vida y tasas de reproducción del
gorgojo en Rayado Rojo y Línea Elite No. 4.
Abstract: Acanthoscelides
obtectus (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) is a phytophagous insect that feeds on beans
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during storage, principally in temperate climate
regions. For this reason, it is necessary to determine population parameters of
this coleopteran that would permit prognosis of populations and identification
of resistant beans. Population parameters were estimated with the cohort life
table technique, the Logrank test (p <= 0.05) and reproductive rates, and
confidence intervals with the non-parametric technique Overlapping Intervals (p
<= 0.09) to compare instantaneous rate of population growth (rm), also
called innate increment capacity. These parameters were estimated in the bean
cultivars Blanco Tabasco, Flor de Mayo, Pinto Durango, Rayado Rojo and Linea
Elite No. 4, all resistant to two types of rust caused by Uromyces phaseoli
var. typica and U. appendiculatus. Weevil population parameters were higher for
adult emergence, mean life expectancy and reproductive rates in the cultivars
Rayado Rojo and Linea Elite No. 4.
61 de 62
VILLAR-LUNA, E., GOMEZ-RODRIGUEZ, O.,
ROJAS-MARTINEZ, R. I. y ZAVALETA-MEJIA, E., 2016, Presence
of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Jalapeno pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Sinaloa,
Mexico. Helminthologia. Jun.
2016. Vol. 53, no. 2, p. 155–160. DOI 10.1515/helmin-2016-0001.
Resumen: Meloidogyne
enterolobii (Me) is an emerging root-knot nematode (RKN) and the most important
worldwide for its high aggressiveness and increasing geographical distribution.
In Mexico only in watermelon and tomato has been reported. Here we report the
presence of this nematode in Jalapeno pepper collected in the state of Sinaloa.
The morphological and morphometric characteristics of the second-stage
juveniles and adult females were similar to those described for Me. DNA
sequencing and alignment analysis (BLAST/GenBank) showed that the SCAR and rDNA
IGS2 fragments had a 99 % of identity, with Me DNA sequences present in the
database. The results obtained indicate that the RKN detected corresponds to M.
enterolobii. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this nematode in
chilli pepper in this region of Mexico, considered of major economic importance
for the variety of vegetables grown and the extension of the area sown.
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YEPEZ-HERNANDEZ,
Francisco-Javier, FERRERA-CERRATO, Ronald, ALARCON, Alejandro,
DELGADILLO-MARTINEZ, Julian, REMEDIOS MENDOZA-LOPEZ, Ma y GARCIA-BARRADAS,
Oscar, 2016, Nitrogen fertilization effects on
growth, phenolic compounds content, and antioxidant activity of basil.
Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana. Mar. 2016. Vol. 39,
no. 1, p. 33–40. URL: www.revistafitotecniamexicana.org/documentos/39-1/4r.pdf
Resumen: Este
trabajo evaluó el efecto de seis concentraciones de nitrógeno (N) (0, 12.5, 25,
50, 75 y 100 %) en el crecimiento y respuestas fisiológicas de albahaca (Ocimum
basilicum L.) cultivada en condiciones de invernadero. Las concentraciones de N
fueron aplicadas con la solución nutritiva Long-Ashton que contiene 160.25 μg N mL-1
(100 % N). A los 120 d, se evaluó la altura del tallo (ALT), longitud de raíz
(LR), número de hojas (NH), peso seco total (Pstot), área foliar (AF),
contenido de compuestos fenólicos solubles totales (CFT), y la actividad
antioxidante total (AOX) en hojas. No se observaron diferencias significativas
por efecto de la concentración de N en ALT, LR, NH, Pstot y CFT. La aplicación
de 100 % N produjo el valor más bajo (424.8 μg g-1) de
CFT en comparación con el control (0 % N) que obtuvo 826.9 μg g-1. AF
y AOX presentaron diferencias significativas (α = 0.05);
las plantas con 75 % N mostraron mayor AF (538 cm2) con respecto al control
(297 cm2). La mayor AOX se obtuvo en el tratamiento sin N (5.9 mM g-1), y la
menor con 100 % N (3.1 mM g-1). La deficiencia de N no afectó el crecimiento
vegetal, pero aumentó el CFT y la AOX, lo que conviene considerar para mejorar
sus propiedades nutraceúticas.
Abstract: This
study evaluated the effects of six nitrogen concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75
and 100 %) on growth and physiological responses of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
under greenhouse conditions. Nitrogen concentrations were supplied via the Long
Aston nutrient solution that contains 160.25 mu g N mL(-1) at 100 % N. After
120 d, plant height (H), root length (RL), number of leaves (NL), total dry
weight (TDW), leaf area (LA), content of total soluble phenolic compounds
(TSPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAOX) in leaves were determined. No significant
differences were observed on H, RL, NL, TDW and TSPC as a response to varied N
concentrations. Application of 100 % N resulted in lower TSPC (424.8 mu g
g(-1)) than the control (0 % N) with 826.9 mu g g(-1). LA and TAOX showed
significant differences (alpha=0.05); plants with 75 % N had higher LA (538.67
cm(2)) than the control (296.94 cm(2)). The greatest TAOX was achieved in
control plants (5.9 mM g(-1)), whereas the lowest value was obtained with 100 %
N (3.1 mM g(-1)). N-deficiency did not affect plant growth, but enhanced both
TSPC and TAOX. The latter must be taken into account to keep the nutraceutical
properties of this plant species.
